Andrew Jackson: 1828 – 1836 Era of the Common Man

What were the democratic trends in the 19c?

Changes in voting requirements 1800 to 1830

Jumpstart – In your notebook! Use the tables to answer the questions. Write 2 observations you can make about the chart. What factor best explains the large increase in voters between the election of 1824 and 1828? Former slaves were emancipated and allowed to vote. An amendment was enacted ending voting fees. Women were given the right to vote. Many states had put an end to property qualifications. Election of 1824 John Quincy Adams 113,122 Andrew Jackson 151,271 Henry Clay 47,531 William Crawford 40,856 Election of 1828 John Quincy Adams 500,897 Andrew Jackson 642,533

Expanded Suffrage Suffrage- the right to vote In the early 1800’s, more people gained the right to vote States reduced voting restrictions No more poll taxes or property requirements 1800= 14 states with property requirements to vote 1830= 2 states with property requirements to vote The “common man” gained voting rights Helped Jackson win in 1828

Jackson's First Presidential Run

New Political Parties Emerge No one got the majority of electoral votes Election thrown into the House and JQ Adams won Jackson referred to this as the “Corrupt Bargain” Split the Democratic-Republicans Democrats Jackson supporters National Republicans Adams supporters

Election of 1828 Jackson vs. Adams…AGAIN! First modern political campaign Both sides made vicious, personal attacks Tried to “win” the vote Jackson aimed his campaign against the wealthy elite (Adams) He promised to look out for the “common man” Jackson won both the popular and electoral vote Jacksonian Democracy: idea of spreading political power to all people and ensuring majority rule

1828 Election Results

Jackson’s Presidency Jackson supporters Rich planters from the South People on the Western frontier Middle class (“Common Man”) Immigrants in the cities Jackson rewarded his supporters with jobs Spoils System: winning candidates give government jobs to their supporters Issues during his presidency States’ Rights (Nullification) Role of the National Bank Status of Native Americans

Tariff Simulation Instructions There are four main groups involved in this activity: A = BLUE Sellers: Northern merchants who are able to sell their products at a cheaper price without a tariff. Their products will cost $1 each (one ticket). B = BLUE Purchasers: Northerners who can buy cheaper Northern products due to the tariff and do not have to pay expensive shipping costs since most goods are made in their area. C = RED Purchasers: Southerners who have to pay expensive shipping prices since most factories are in the North. They can pay either $2 (tickets) for Northern products or $3 (tickets) for British due to the tariff. D = ORANGE Sellers: British merchants who are charged a tariff on their product because Congress wants to make American products cheaper. Their products will be $3 each.

Tariff Simulation Instructions Both BLUE and RED purchasers will start off with the same amount of money (12 tickets). Each must also buy everything on their provided shopping list. Whatever money they have leftover, they can trade in for prizes. If you are a merchant, you can also receive prizes based on the amount of income you earned at the market. You will have only 10 minutes to shop/sell. All of you are being graded on your participation during the activity as well as your discussion afterwards. HAPPY SHOPPING!

Simulation Discussion Answer the following in your notebook: Which group did you belong to? Did you enjoy the simulation? Why or why not? In your opinion, was the simulation fair? Why or why not? Would you have enjoyed being in another group more? Why or why not? After completing this simulation, why do you think Southerners believed tariffs favored the North? How could the issue of tariffs lead to sectionalism?

Nullification and Tariffs

Economies of the North and South REVIEW! REVIEW! REVIEW! Economy of the North Fishing, shipbuilding industry and naval supplies, trade and port cities Skilled craftsmen, shopkeepers, manufacturing (textiles, tools, metals, building materials, etc.) Economy of the South Large farms/plantations, cash crops (tobacco, indigo, rice, cotton), wood products, small farms Slavery

REVIEW! REVIEW! REVIEW! What is a TARIFF? TAX the government puts on imported goods (from other countries) If you were a FACTORY OWNER or in MANUFACTURING , would you like tariffs? Yes! Your products would not have an additional tax, so what you make would be cheaper than foreign goods. If you were a FARMER, would you like tariffs? No! You depend on foreign nations to buy your crops and in return, you buy their manufactured goods. You are afraid that tariffs will make foreign goods more expensive. If you don’t buy their goods, then they might not buy your crops.

Increasing Sectionalism 1820’s and 30’s- Nationalism was replaced by sectionalism Loyalty to ones state or region over the country During the same time Congress was arguing over tariffs and their effects on the country North liked it b/c it made their goods cheaper South didn’t b/c they depended on foreign trade Congress passed the largest tariff yet in 1828 to help the growth of manufacturing

Nullification Tariff of Abominations (1828)- tariff that raised the price of imported factory goods by the largest amount yet Northern factory owners favored the new law since it encouraged people to buy their goods Southerners opposed it for several reasons: Tariffs raised the price they paid for factory goods High tariffs kept foreign countries from trading with the U.S. because it was more expensive Hurt cotton sales for the South Believed the a law that favored one section was unconstitutional Calhoun, Vice President at the time, brought up idea of nullification- states can nullify a law if they see it as unconstitutional

South Carolina Threatens to Secede Tariff brought up the issue of state vs. national government again Webster-Hayne Debates: 1830 Senate debate over the doctrine of nullification South Carolina threatened to secede Jackson was prepared to use military force to keep them in the union Henry Clay created a compromise bill that gradually lowered the tariff until 1842 Both sides called a truce for the time

Let’s Review! What was one of the South’s objections to the higher tariffs enacted by Congress? They would allow them access to cheap foreign imports. They would prevent domestic manufacturing from growing. They would redistribute wealth among American social classes. They made it more difficult to export crops.

Jump Start Ignite Learning Write the following questions on your paper before watching the video: What issue from Jackson’s presidency is shown in the video? How does this issue relate to the Kentucky and Virginia Resolution? In your opinion, which side (states or federal government) is correct? Why?

Jackson's Battles the Bank

Issues over the Bank Jackson was against the bank for many reasons: Thought the bank favored wealthy Northerners It did not help capitalists in the West capitalists- someone investing in a business to make profit He distrusted the bank president, Nicholas Biddle Jackson vetoed the bill to re-charter the bank (keep it going) Voters agreed He was elected for a second term in 1832 He considered this economic democracy

Jackson's Native-American Policy

Jump Start Speaker Occasion Audience Purpose Subject Tone Complete a basic SOAPStone on the following document: Speaker Occasion Audience Purpose Subject Tone

Indian Removal Jackson had little sympathy for Native Americans Raised on the frontier By the time he took office, only 125,000 Natives remained east of the Mississippi Most had fallen prey to war and disease Majority lived in the southeast Known as the Five Civilized Tribes Creek, Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Seminole Hoping to keep their lands, they adopted many European characteristics and ways of life i.e. European clothing, owned farms, slaves, had own alphabet and newspaper Despite the Native’s efforts to assimilate (integrate into English culture), whites decided they had to go as cotton spread west

Indian Removal Indian Removal Act of 1830- authorized the president to grant the Indians unsettled lands west of the Mississippi River in exchange for their current land Some tribes saw no other way out and gave up land Georgia then passed a law saying that the authority of their state laws now extended over the Cherokee Chief Justice John Marshall addressed the Indian lands question in two cases Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia (1831) Worcester vs. Georgia (1832)

Indian Removal Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia 1831 Worcester vs. Georgia 1832 Georgia tried to assert control over Cherokee land Cherokee appealed to the Supreme Court The Court ruled that the Cherokees were “a domestic, dependent nation” They were subject to federal, NOT state law Georgia law did not affect them Georgia passed a law requiring any white person who lived on Indian territory to obtain a license from the state Worcester, a missionary, was put in jail for failing to do so Does a state have the power to pass laws concerning sovereign Indian nations? The Court ruled that the Cherokee nation was “a distinct community” with “self-government” in which the laws of Georgia had no force

Trail of Tears (1838-1839) Jackson and Georgia ignored the Court’s ruling Cherokee were forced to give in and sell their land Any that did not go voluntarily were met with military force 16,000 were gathered into camps and forced into the Indian Territory Present day Oklahoma More than ¼ died from exposure and starvation Became known as the Trail of Tears