The Tobacco Industry and Health To describe the effects on health of smoking cigarettes To describe the current patterns of cigarette consumption To explain how and why these patterns are changes To outline how Tobacco TNC’s are looking to expand markets and profits by targeting LEDC’s.

How many cigarettes are smoked each year? 5.5 trillion 5,500,000,000,000 There are believed to be 1.1 billion smokers in the world, 800 million of them in developing countries.

What’s in that cigarette?

Cigarette smoke contains about 4,000 chemical agents, including over 60 carcinogens including substances, such as carbon monoxide, tar, arsenic, cyanide, benzene, formaldehyde, methanol, acetylene, ammonia, lead.

Effects of smoking on human health Use this website to annotate the body to show the effects of smoking

Effects of smoking on your health Smoking is a greater cause of death and disability than any single disease, says the World Health Organisation. According to their figures, it is responsible for approximately five million deaths worldwide every year. Tobacco smoking is a known or probable cause of approximately 25 diseases, and even the WHO says that its impact on world health is not fully assessed. 5X more likely to have a heart attack Increased risk of stoke Men are 22X likely to get lung cancer Smoking also increases the risk of oral, uterine, liver, kidney, bladder, stomach, and cervical cancers, and leukaemia. Another health problem associated with tobacco is emphysema, which, when combined with chronic bronchitis, produces chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Smoking in pregnancy greatly increases the risk of miscarriage, is associated with lower birthweight babies, and inhibited child development. Smoking by parents following the birth is linked to sudden infant death syndrome, or cot death, and higher rates of infant respiratory illness, such as bronchitis, colds, and pneumonia.

Healthy Lung vs. Smokers Lung

Who imposed the world’s 1 st smoking ban? The Nazi party banned smoking in it’s offices, hospitals, universities and post offices and broadcast anti smoking campaigns until 1945.

Smoking Bans in MEDC’s- an example of public health policy South Africa 1993 California and New York 1998 Japan 2002 Sweden 2005 EU wide ban on Advertising 2005 Spain 2006 Denmark, UK 2007 France, Netherlands, India, Romania, Greece, Bulgaria 2008 Hungary 2009 In most countries a ban on smoking in public places has led to smokers reducing consumption by 15% and increasing their chances of giving up by 84%.

Bar graph showing annual tobacco consumption in grams

As a result of smoking and advertising bans markets in MEDC’s have declined and tobacco TNC’s have started to look to LEDC’s and emerging economies (eg. China) to guarantee new smoking addicts and guaranteed profits. What do you think of this? Are tobacco TNC’s: drug dealers/ providing consumer choice/ causing manslaughter/? Is it ethical to exploit LEDC’s or is it just the way business works?

Map showing the proportion of men who smoke in each country Source:worldmapper.org

World map showing location and % of males who smoke. Source: WHO 2008

Tobacco TNC’s

Case Study BAT (British American Tobacco) Main brands: Dunhill, Kent, Lucky Strike, Pall Mall, Vogue, Rothmans, Peter Stuyvesant, Benson & Hedges. Annual revenue: £33,921 million (2008) Cigarette factories in 44 countries

BBC2 “This World” documentary 2008: “ Bannatyne takes on Big Tobacco” Duncan Bannatyne

“Using Case Study information outline two ways in which tobacco TNC’s are impacting on the lives of people in the developing world” (8marks) L1 (1-4) simple description of effects L2 (5-8) more detailed description with specific case student detail of countries and a TNC

Websites for further reading: ASH is an anti smoking pressure group A pro smoking pressure group British American Tobacco acco_atlas/en/index.html World Health Organisation tobacco atlas a very in depth look at global patterns and the tobacco industry.