National Institute of Cryogenics and Isotope Technologies EXPERIMENTAL PILOT PLANT FOR TRITIUM SEPARATION Present Status and Perspectives National Institute of Cryogenics and Isotope Technologies ICIT Rm. Valcea Romania

NATIONAL R&D INSTITUTE FOR CRYOGENICS AND ISOTOPES TECHNOLOGIES Nuclear Activities ICIT has developed nuclear activities related to: Heavy Water Tritium NATIONAL R&D INSTITUTE FOR CRYOGENICS AND ISOTOPES TECHNOLOGIES ICIT RM. VALCEA

NATIONAL R&D INSTITUTE FOR CRYOGENICS AND ISOTOPES TECHNOLOGIES Heavy water Heavy water plant from ROMAG Drobeta Tr. Severin Expertise for the plant Heavy water standards Upgrading plant from CNE PROD & CNE INVEST Cernavoda Expertise for upgrading plant Project for packing Production of packing for upgrading tower from CNE INVEST NATIONAL R&D INSTITUTE FOR CRYOGENICS AND ISOTOPES TECHNOLOGIES ICIT RM. VALCEA

NATIONAL R&D INSTITUTE FOR CRYOGENICS AND ISOTOPES TECHNOLOGIES Tritium Hydrogen isotopes separation experience help ICIT to produce Romanian technology for tritium separation Tritium removal facility - Experimental Pilot Plant for Deuterium and Tritium Separation Tritium laboratory – tritium analysis Environmental laboratory – tritium evaluation NATIONAL R&D INSTITUTE FOR CRYOGENICS AND ISOTOPES TECHNOLOGIES ICIT RM. VALCEA

Technological Detritiation Processes Front End VPCE = Vapor Phase Catalytic Exchange LPCE = Liquid Phase Catalytic Exchange CECE = Combined Electrolyses Catalytic Exchange DE = Direct electrolysis Back End CD = Cryogenic Distillation P = Permeation System NATIONAL R&D INSTITUTE FOR CRYOGENICS AND ISOTOPES TECHNOLOGIES ICIT RM. VALCEA

Tritium Removal Facility WHY TRF IN ROMANIA ? Rising the tritium level in heavy water from CERNAVODA NPP (>32 Ci/kg in 2005) Environment and human contamination risk New requirements in 2007 after Romania join EU Tritium application for fusion technologies – Romania can offer tritium for fusion reactor NATIONAL R&D INSTITUTE FOR CRYOGENICS AND ISOTOPES TECHNOLOGIES ICIT RM. VALCEA

Tritium Removal Facility Background ICIT experience in catalyst manufacture; ICIT experience in technological processes of catalytic exchange; Operating and improvement of isotopic catalytic exchange plant for last 20 years; Technological equipment and analysis systems. NATIONAL R&D INSTITUTE FOR CRYOGENICS AND ISOTOPES TECHNOLOGIES ICIT RM. VALCEA

Tritium Removal Facility Technologies for tritium separation developed by ICIT NATIONAL R&D INSTITUTE FOR CRYOGENICS AND ISOTOPES TECHNOLOGIES ICIT RM. VALCEA

Solution ICSI CHOOSE FOR PILOT PLANT CATALYTIC ISOTOPIC EXCHANGE TRITIATED HEAVY WATER - DEUTERIUM, FOLLOWED BY CRYOGENIC DISTILLATION Front End LPCE Back End CD NATIONAL R&D INSTITUTE FOR CRYOGENICS AND ISOTOPES TECHNOLOGIES ICIT RM. VALCEA

Design DTO MODERATOR D2 CD Purification LPCE DT or T2 Storage D2 D2O

NATIONAL R&D INSTITUTE FOR CRYOGENICS AND ISOTOPES TECHNOLOGIES Technology Catalytic isotopic exchange Purification Cryogenic distillation Outside view of Pilot Plant Inside view of Pilot Plant NATIONAL R&D INSTITUTE FOR CRYOGENICS AND ISOTOPES TECHNOLOGIES ICIT RM. VALCEA

Inside View of Pilot Plant For Deuterium and Tritium Separation NATIONAL R&D INSTITUTE FOR CRYOGENICS AND ISOTOPES TECHNOLOGIES ICIT RM. VALCEA

Design Basis maximum activity for tritium in heavy water: 30 Ci/kg maximum tritium inventory: 300,000 Ci annual quantity of heavy water: 2000 kg Minimum D2O feed isotopic: 99.8 % Water Feed Rate: 8 kg/h Tritium inventory in CD: 200,000 Ci (60,000 Ci for commissioning) Design service life: 30 years

Present Status The plant has the license ICSI 01-2002 for building from CNCAN – valability December 2007 The plant has the license ICSI 01-2006 for commissioning from CNCAN – valability December 2008 The plant starts the preliminary tests based by a program approved by CNCAN Project and Safety Analysis Report review as CNCAN required

Present Status (cont) Technological review of plant Upgraded process safety in tests Work on radiological safety system in conformity with license terms Training operating personal (Cernavoda, ICIT)

Present Status (cont) Catalytic isotopic exchange module in preliminary tests after equipment replacement Cryogenic distillation – recalculation of cryogenic cycle for new conditions imposed by the license Data acquisition and process control in tests Pre-commissioning of safety system in conformity with license terms Upgrade of safeguards

NATIONAL R&D INSTITUTE FOR CRYOGENICS AND ISOTOPES TECHNOLOGIES CNCAN Licenses NATIONAL R&D INSTITUTE FOR CRYOGENICS AND ISOTOPES TECHNOLOGIES ICIT RM. VALCEA

Tritium Removal Facility Implementing the technology WHERE? CNE PROD Cernavoda (or any CANDU) ITER NATIONAL R&D INSTITUTE FOR CRYOGENICS AND ISOTOPES TECHNOLOGIES ICIT RM. VALCEA

EURATOM - FUSION PROGRAM LINKS BETWEEN WDS FOR ITER AND ICIT – WDS SYSTEM ICIT PILOT PLANT Catalytic isotopic exchange tritiated heavy water - deuterium, followed by cryogenic distillation P IEC CD Tritiated Feed Water Tritium Depleted Water D 2 Tritium Analysis System MONITORING AND SAFETY SYSTEMS Links between experimental modules for Tritium and Deuterium Separation Pilot Plant Storage System HR CD 1 Boiler O2 Purifier Electrolyser H2O, HTO H2, HT LPCE Column Heater Condenser H2O O2 CD2 H2 HR – Helium refrigerator CD1, CD2 – Cryogenic distillation Potential combination of WDS and ISS at ITER WDS / ITER: ELECTROLYSES (PERMEATION) CRYOGENIC DISTILLATION WDS / ICIT PURIFICATION NATIONAL R&D INSTITUTE FOR CRYOGENICS AND ISOTOPES TECHNOLOGIES ICIT RM. VALCEA

NATIONAL R&D INSTITUTE FOR CRYOGENICS AND ISOTOPES TECHNOLOGIES Future activities Radioprotection development – new equipments upgrade required Finalize of implementing QA in technology in conformity with new CNCAN’s QA regulations Minor improvement regarding the technology Training of personal Elaborate of Romanian standards for tritium activities NATIONAL R&D INSTITUTE FOR CRYOGENICS AND ISOTOPES TECHNOLOGIES ICIT RM. VALCEA

EURATOM - FUSION PROGRAM Application of ICIT work: Water Detritiation Systems at CANDU/JET/ITER Tritium technologies Potential beneficiaries: Tritium Removal Facility in Romania Detritiation technology applied at CNE PROD Cernavoda EUROPEAN COMMUNITY Fusion Nuclear Research Programs NATIONAL R&D INSTITUTE FOR CRYOGENICS AND ISOTOPES TECHNOLOGIES ICIT RM. VALCEA

IAEA PROGRAMES ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOISOTOPE MEASUREMENTS. QUALITY ASSURANCE FOR RADIOISOTOPE LABORATORY Environmental monitoring program in order to establish tritium baseline levels on and off Experimental Cryogenic Plant for Tritium and Deuterium Separation; Hydrodynamics study on the Danube – Black Sea Channel using tritiated wastewater from a nuclear power plant as a tracer; Natural sparkling water sources analysis based on tritium measurements; Participation to sixth IAEA intercomparison of low-level tritium measurements in water (TRIC2000). NATIONAL R&D INSTITUTE FOR CRYOGENICS AND ISOTOPES TECHNOLOGIES ICIT RM. VALCEA

NATIONAL R&D INSTITUTE FOR CRYOGENICS AND ISOTOPES TECHNOLOGIES IAEA PROGRAMES Participation to Sixth IAEA Intercomparison of Low-level Tritium Measurements in Water TRIC2000 (Report IAEA, p. 22) NATIONAL R&D INSTITUTE FOR CRYOGENICS AND ISOTOPES TECHNOLOGIES ICIT RM. VALCEA

IAEA PROGRAMES Radiocarbon LSC Analysis and Environmental Applications A new line sample preparation has been put on work and tests are going to be made in order to define this new analysis technique. NATIONAL R&D INSTITUTE FOR CRYOGENICS AND ISOTOPES TECHNOLOGIES ICIT RM. VALCEA

NATIONAL R&D INSTITUTE FOR CRYOGENICS AND ISOTOPES TECHNOLOGIES Perspectives Commissioning and operation of TRF Developing technical specification for Cernavoda TRF Basic design for CTRF technology Equipments and materials for tritium/deuterium separation/production Developing researches regarding tritium technologies, specially for ITER Upgrade of technology/plant for other tritium experiments Training center for tritium activities NATIONAL R&D INSTITUTE FOR CRYOGENICS AND ISOTOPES TECHNOLOGIES ICIT RM. VALCEA