Key Terms, and Concepts Mr. Paules

 Sole Plates – Lowest horizontal strip on wall and partition framing.  Walls are laid out on two plates  Top and bottom match  Studs – Vertical structural framing members in wall and partitions.

 Jack or Trimmer Stud – A stud that supports the header for a wall opening.  Header – Horizontal structural member that supports the load over an opening (window or door)  Rough Sill – Window sits on this horizontal framing member. Is supported by cripple studs  Cripple – A stud used above or below a wall opening.  Extends from header to top plate or from sole plate to rough sill.  King Stud – Is always next to the jack stud and creates extra support for an opening.

 Double Top Plate – Horizontal member that locks intersecting walls together.  Is nailed onto top sole plate after all walls have been set in place.  Plumb – Perfectly straight vertically.  Walls need to be plumb for materials, and stability.

 Opening in a wall in which a window or door is to be installed.  Rough opening is determined by window sizes and door sizes.  Rough opening is always 2” bigger around the opening.  Headers are put into openings that are load baring walls.  Header length is equal to rough opening size, plus thickness of two trimmer studs.

 16” O. C concept is not based upon load to be carried.  It is designed to accommodate wall covering materials (drywall, paneling, sheathing).  Layout wall from left to right, making first mark at 15 ¼”. Then mark 16” O.C from thereafter.

 The size nails used for framing are 12p, common, which are 3 ¼” long  Also 16p common nails, which are 3 ½” long.  Exact size – actual size of a framing member.  Examples – Actual size of a 2”x4” is 1 ½” x 3 ½”. Actual size of a 2” x 6” is 1 ½” x 5 ½”  Nominal size – Size used to order lumber. Example – “I’d like to order ” x 4’s.”  Load Bearing Wall – A wall which carries weight from above. These wall require a framed header.  Example – Exterior walls.