Section 1: History and Culture Section 2: Canada Today CHAPTER 9 Canada Section 1: History and Culture Section 2: Canada Today Section 3: Geographic Issues

Question: When did Europeans arrive in Canada? History and Culture SECTION 1 History and Culture Question: When did Europeans arrive in Canada?

Section 1 History and Culture Objectives: Which European countries played a role in Canada’s early history? What are some important features of Canadian culture?

European Arrivals in Canada SECTION 1 History and Culture European Arrivals in Canada Vikings A.D. 1000 French 1530s British 1713 Eastern shores no permanent settlers Jacques Cartier St. Lawrence River northwest passage to Asia fishing and furs Catholicism Nova Scotia French/British conflict increased settlement during American Revolution set up provinces

SECTION 2 Canada Today Question: What are the resources and economic activities of each region of Canada?

Canada Today SECTION 2 Canadian North Resources: Economic Activities: Atlantic Provinces Quebec and Ontario Resources: Economic Activities: Prairie Provinces Resources: Economic Activities: British Columbia Resources: Economic Activities:

Canada Today SECTION 2 Canada’s Economy Canadian North Resources: mineral, diamond and fossil fuel deposits, freshwater Economic Activities: mining, construction, military posts, tourism Resources: fish forests, minerals, oil Economic Activities: fishing, mining, some industries Atlantic Provinces Quebec and Ontario Resources: farmland, minerals Economic Activities: service industries, manufacturing, farming, mining Prairie Provinces Resources: fertile soils, potash deposits, oil Economic Activities: wheat framing, mining, oil drilling British Columbia Resources: forests, fish, minerals Economic Activities: manufacture of forest products, fishing, mining, trade

Objectives: What resources and activities drive Canada’s economy? Section 2 Canada Today Objectives: What resources and activities drive Canada’s economy? What factors and processes have influenced the growth of Canada’s cities? How is Canada organized and governed?

SECTION 3 Geographic Issues Question: How has Canada’s relationship with the United States led to economic, cultural, and social changes there?

Foundations of Canada’s economy: Section 2 Canada Today Foundations of Canada’s economy: shift away from farming to manufacturing and services mining a key activity Atlantic Provinces—reliance on forest and sea resources, along with minerals Quebec and Ontario—industry, finance, trade, farming, mining Prairie Provinces—commercial farming, mining and oil drilling, tourism British Columbia—forest products, fishing, mining North—mining, construction, tourism

Geographic Issues SECTION 3 U.S. Influence on Canada’s Culture Economy Population Culture Cities economies closely tied together; many American companies there U.S. population is much larger; most Canadians live near U.S. border American mass media heard and seen in Canada nearly every day Canadian and U.S. cities linked; increases cultural exchange

Chapter Wrap-Up CHAPTER 9 1. What major groups have settled in Canada over time? 2. What characteristics make Ontario and Quebec Canada’s heartland? 3. How has Canada’s economy changed over the last century? 4. How is Canada’s heritage reflected in its system of government? Why was Nunavut created? 5. What are some important cultural, historical, and economic ties between the United States and Canada?