Energy F Read Ch 9 & 10 Lec 17 25Feb02 ID: eee105 Password: prAIRie

Regional Total Energy Consumption Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development 25 countries

Regional Total Energy Consumption EE/FSU Asia Latin America Africa mid-East Over half the world’s energy consumption

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries OPEC Formed 1960 controls 75% of worlds oil reserves

OPEC meets next on March 15

The new race for oil the Caspian Sea

Pipelines?

Energy Consumption (1998) Per capita (as tons of oil) USA7.86 Canada7.61 Germany4.11 France4.05 Japan3.72 S. America0.67 Africa0.33

Energy Usage Residential and commercial usage 30% of North American energy usage mostly for air conditioning refrigeration space heating water heating

Energy Usage Residential and commercial usage 30% of North American energy usage but in less developed countries mostly for cooking

Energy Usage Residential and commercial usage Industrial Use ~ 30% in U.S. more efficient in MDC’s

Energy Usage Residential and commercial usage Industrial Use Transportation use

Transportation Energy Use (1998) Per capita (gigajoules) USA106 Holland 41

Transportation Energy Use (1998) Per capita (gigajoules) USA106 Holland 41 Japan 28 Mexico 17 Zimbabwe 4 India 2

Transportation Energy Use In U.S.: government subsidies Although rail & bus transport is twice as energy efficient for highways & trucking U.S. autos consume 15% of world oil supply

Transportation Energy Use U.S. autos consume 15% of world oil supply The automobiles of the rest of the world consume 7% of world’s oil Public transportation is more energy efficient

Energy Conservation ? Environmental protection Security Economic dependence on OPEC

Hybrid automobiles 60+ mpg

Hybrid automobiles 60+ mpg

Fuel Cells Hydrogen & oxygen as fuel

Energy Conservation ?

Resources & Reserves Resource a naturally occurring substance which potentially can be extracted Reserves - known deposits which can be extracted now with existing technology under present economic conditions

changes in reporting since 1989, reserves constant new discoveries = consumption

Oil supplies

When will we run out of oil? Geologists: 80% of current production from fields discovered before 1973

When will we run out of oil? Geologists: 80% of current production from fields discovered before 1973 Industrialists: innovative technologies in extraction, production, and usage peak in 2010 peak

The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge

snow 9 months of year coastal plain

The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge

95% probability: 2.03 billion barrels USGS: 5% probability: 9.38 billion barrels 3.2 billion barrels = 6 months U.S. oil usage

Oil Use Issues Petrochemical industry is the major contributor to air pollution Every gallon of gasoline burned releases 20 lbs of CO 2 Nitrogen oxides released cause smog & acid rain