Chapter 12 Discussion Questions

Rival Plans for Reconstruction 12.1 Rival Plans for Reconstruction

What does it mean? How does this famous quotation from Abraham Lincoln’s 2nd Inaugural address show the goals of his plans for Reconstruction?

Lincoln’s words March 4, 1865 “With malice toward none, with charity for all, with firmness in the right as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in, to bind up the nation's wounds, to care for him who shall have borne the battle and for his widow and his orphan, to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations.” – Second Inaugural Address

What does it mean? How does this famous quotation from Abraham Lincoln’s 2nd Inaugural address show the goals of his plans for Reconstruction?

How much did the war age the president? http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/abraham-lincoln/videos/lincolns-life-masks What do you notice about the change of his physical features in such a short time?

Lincoln’s 10% Plan (5 Points) 10% of voters of a state take a loyalty oath to the Union the could set up a new government State needs to abolish slavery and provide education for African-Americans = regain representation in Congress Grant pardons to former Confederate Generals Compensation for lost property No requirement for social and political equality for African-Americans

Wade – Davis Bill (2 main differences) Radical Republicans are a faction that want to severely punish the South Majority of former Confederate stare’s voters must swear a loyalty oath to the Union. Guarantee of equality for African-Americans What does Lincoln do to the bill?

An important note This is the beginning of a battle between the Executive and Legislative Branch for control of not only Reconstruction but overall power.

Government aids Freedom What was the Freedman’s Bureau’s goal? What were some actual things it did?

Johnson’s Reconstruction Plan Offers pardons and land restoration to former Confederates = loyalty oath States ratify 13th Amendment Draft a Constitution that abolishes Slavery What was his reasoning behind the pardons? What were his views on and goals for African-Americans?

Southerners aim to restore old ways How did the Southern state conventions cause controversy? What were the Black Codes and what were some examples?

Congress fights back What happens when Southern reps arrive in Washington DC? What part of Congress’ Freedman’s Bureau plan leads to Johnson’s veto? What was the Civil Rights Act of 1866? What happened to it?

Radical reconstruction Let’s look at the quotation on P. 406 The mid-term election of 1866 swings the make-up of Congress. The Radicals create a coalition that gives them a 2/3 majority in both houses. The battle for control begins!

Radical Reconstruction Military Reconstruction Act of 1867 (4 parts) 1. Divides South into 5 military districts 2. Sets up standards for state governments and recognition 3. New state constitutions guarantee suffrage for African-Americans 4. State must ratify the 14th Amendment

Johnsons impeachment (Turn to a partner) Why was he impeached? Let’s Review. 1. What are 2 parts to the 14th Amendment? 2. What did the 15th Amendment do?

Radical reconstruction 14th Amendment (4 points) 1. Equal protection under the law 2. No voting rights for African – Americans equals lost representation in the House. 3. Bars Confederates from holding federal or state offices 4. Also grants citizenship to anyone born on U.S. soil

We will do this in a chart with a partner. 12.2 We will do this in a chart with a partner.

The End of Reconstruction 12.3 The End of Reconstruction

The Nation Consdiers other Matters U.S. Grants becomes President in 1868 but his administration was known for corruption. Who was “Boss” Tweed? Bank failures lead to economic depression (1873)

Why did Reconstruction end? Why did Northern support evaporate? Supreme Court Cases 1) Slaughterhouse Cases (1873) – What was the main ruling? 2) USA v. Cruikshank (1875)

Why did Reconstruction end? How did Southern Whites regain power and supress African-American rights? Who were the redeemers?

The “Stolen” Election of 1876 Rutherford B. Hayes v. Samuel Tilden

Rutherford B. Hayes Republican His opponent was Samuel J. Tilden(Dem) Hayes was considered the underdog in this election

The Election Results There are 39 states in the Union. There is a total of 369 Electoral Votes The majority needed was 185 Tilden has 184 electoral votes Hayes has 165 20 electoral votes are disputed 4 states are Florida, Louisiana, South Carolina and Oregon

The Decision Congress sets up a special commission to decide the election 5 US House Members, 5 Senators, and 5 Supreme Court Justices They vote on party lines - 8 Republicans and 7 Democrats means Hayes won

The Deal The federal troops would leave the South along with an end to Reconstruction.* Federal money sent to the South for a railroad and to improve rivers and harbors A conservative Southern Democrat would serve in Hayes’ cabinet.