AP Psychology Rowland High School Research methods AP Psychology Rowland High School

Research Methods The need for psychological science The limits of human intuition Intuition - something known or believed instinctively, without actual evidence for it (ordered share)

Research Methods The need for psychological science The limits of human intuition Hindsight bias – the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it. (ordered share)

Hindsight Bias

Hindsight Bias

Research Methods The Need for Psychological Science The limits of human intuition Hindsight bias Overconfidence phenomenon (group discussion)

Research Methods The Need for Psychological Science The limits of human intuition Hindsight bias Overconfidence phenomenon Confirmation bias

Research Methods Directions: Create a bubble map describing qualities of a good scientist.

Research Methods The Scientific Attitude Curious eagerness Skeptically scrutinize competing ideas Open-minded humility before nature

What quality is most important for a scientist? Explain why. Research Methods Directions: Create a circle map describing qualities of a good scientist. What quality is most important for a scientist? Explain why.

Research Methods The Scientific method – a five-step process for empirical investigation of a hypothesis under conditions designed to control biases and subjective judgments. Empirical investigation - an approach to research that relies on sensory Theory – a testable explanation for a set of facts or observations.

Research Methods The Scientific Method Developing a hypothesis Performing a controlled test Gathering objective data Analyzing the results Publishing, criticizing, and replicating the results

Research Methods

Research Methods Opening Activity: Which of the following ideas did you experience in the card activity? Explain. The limits of human intuition Hindsight bias Overconfidence phenomenon Confirmation bias

Research Methods Types of Psychological Research Experimental method Hypothesis (if x, then y) Operational definitions Independent variable (stimuli) Random presentation Dependent variable (participants responses) Confounding or extraneous variables Control group Random assignment

Research Methods Types of Psychological Research Experimental method Example - Therapeutic Touch Therapy

Research Methods Types of Psychological Research Experimental method (continued) Blind procedure Double-blind procedure Placebo effect

Research Methods Summarize: Write a 4-5 sentence summary of what you learned yesterday in class about the experimental method. Be prepared to share your summary.

Research Methods Presentation Topics: Non-experimental (ex post facto) Correlation studies Survey Naturalistic study Longitudinal /cross-sectional/cohort-sequential study Personal and expectancy bias Ethics in research (IRB & IACUC) Deception in research Animal studies

Research Methods Presentation Rubric: The information is organized (think PowerPoint slide) Everyone contributes to the poster Everyone has a speaking role in the presentation At least one example not from the textbook or handout

Research Methods Presentation Topics: Non-experimental (ex post facto) Correlation studies Survey Naturalistic study Longitudinal /cross-sectional/cohort-sequential study Personal and expectancy bias Ethics in research (IRB & IACUC) Deception in research Animal studies

Research Methods Non-Experimental (ex post facto) Correlation Studies Correlation helps predict Does not imply cause and effect

Correlation

Correlation

Correlation

Research Methods Non-Experimental (ex post facto) Correlation Studies Survey (video clip) Naturalistic study Describes behavior Does not explain behavior

Research Methods

Research Methods Non-Experimental (ex post facto) Correlation Studies Survey (video clip) Naturalistic study Longitudinal /cross-sectional/cohort-sequential study Case study Suggest further study Cannot discern general truths

Research Methods Personal and expectancy bias Ethics in research (IRB & IACUC) Informed Consent Debrief Deception in research Animal studies

Research Methods Correlation How well does A predict B? What is the relationship between A and B? Positive versus negative correlation Strength of the correlation coefficient -1.0 to +1.0 Scatterplot

Comparing Research Methods

Opening Activity Summarize: Write a 4-5 sentence summary of what you learned about research methods from the class presentations. Be prepared to share your summary.

Correlation

Correlation

Correlation

Correlation

Research Methods Two Types of Statistics Descriptive Inferential

Research Methods Descriptive Statistics Frequency distribution Histogram

Research Methods Measures of Central Tendency Mode (occurs the most) Mean (arithmetic average) Median (middle score) Range (highest score – lowest score)

Research Methods Descriptive Statistics Frequency distribution Histogram

Normal Curve

Research Methods Measures of Central Tendency Mode (occurs the most) Mean (arithmetic average) Median (middle score)

Research Methods Measures of Variability Inferential Statistics Range Standard deviation Inferential Statistics Representative sample Significant difference t test p < .o5