Race Relations 1877-1920s

Segregation Progressivism ≠ end of segregation In the South Whites intimidated African Americans Even killed them (lynching) Blacks could not use public facilitates that Whites could use Libraries, schools, restaurants, water fountains to name just a FEW Jim Crow Era (“separate but equal”)

Other Discrimination Literacy tests for voting Poll taxes Lack of educational opportunities All of this we will cover in-depth during our Civil Rights unit at the end of the year

Why was the enrollment of Blacks in schools practically non-existent in 1862? What is one thing that always remains the same on the graph?

14th Amendment and Plessy v. Ferguson Remember the 14th amendment? What did it say? Equal protection under the law for U.S. citizens (no state can make a law denying equal protection) Well, then why was it legal to separate blacks?

Plessy v. Ferguson 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson = Supreme Court said African Americans were separate but equal 1892 New Orleans Homer Plessy, an African American tried to board a whites-only railroad car and was arrested Plessy challenged his arrest, citing it violated the 14th Amendment It went the whole way to the Supreme Crt

Plessy results 1896 Supreme Court said African Americans were equal under the law per the 14th amend. But “separate” treatment of them was constitutional Ushered in start of Jim Crow Era Separate but equal doctrine was not over-turned until 1950s!! Anyone know the famous case that over-turned it?

W.E.B. DuBois Around this time men like DuBois started fighting Jim Crow laws and their impact on African Americans Founded NAACP (National Assoc. for the Advancement of Colored People) Education was of great importance to him However, believed education was meaningless without equality under the law Proponent of a classic liberal arts educations for African Americas

Booker T. Washington Unlike DuBois, he believed education played the largest role in African American success Equality = secondary role Proponent of vocational education He accepted social separation as long as African Americans had access to educational and vocational opportunities

The Great Migration Movement of ~ 6 million African Americans out of South Moved to Northeast, West, and Mid-West 1910-1930