The Great War http:// m/watch?v=i2CgUIrBHoo m/watch?v=i2CgUIrBHoohttp:// m/watch?v=i2CgUIrBHoo

Outbreak of WWI Long term causes for the outbreak of World War I MilitarismMilitarism –The belief that a nation needs a large military force AlliancesAlliances –Agreement between countries NationalismNationalism –The feeling of pride, loyalty, and protectiveness of one’s country ImperialismImperialism –The policy by which stronger nations extend their economic, political, or military control over a weaker nation.

World War I Opponents Allies Central Powers Great Britain FranceRussiaSerbiaBelgium United States GermanyAustria-HungaryBulgaria Ottoman Empire

Outbreak of War Immediate cause of the outbreak of WWI Assassination –Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife were murdered in Sarajevo June 28, 1914 Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia; soon after other European countries were following (because of alliances)—leading to the outbreak of WWI –

Reasons for U.S. involvement in War Inability to remain neutralInability to remain neutral –Sinking of American merchant ships –Alliance with Great Britain German submarine warfareGerman submarine warfare –German u-boats torpedoed several merchant ships without warning—unrestricted warfare. Sinking of the LusitaniaSinking of the Lusitania –Germany torpedoed the British passenger ship killing 1,198 people including 128 Americans U.S. economic and political ties to Great BritainU.S. economic and political ties to Great Britain The Zimmerman TelegramThe Zimmerman Telegram

World War I: The United States enters the war The Untied States Declares War Wilson is reelected in 1916 and events quickly turned the US towards war. Zimmerman Telegram: German official named Arthur Zimmerman, instructed the German ambassador to propose an ally between Mexico and Germany.German official named Arthur Zimmerman, instructed the German ambassador to propose an ally between Mexico and Germany. Germany wanted the US forces to be tied down to Mexico, not Europe.Germany wanted the US forces to be tied down to Mexico, not Europe. Plan fails when British intelligence intercepts the Zimmerman Telegram.Plan fails when British intelligence intercepts the Zimmerman Telegram. In March 1917, Germany continues with unrestricted submarine warfare; sinking three American ships.In March 1917, Germany continues with unrestricted submarine warfare; sinking three American ships. –Wilsonasks for a declaration of War, April 6,

The Home Front Step 1: Building up the Military Selected Service –All men between the ages of were required to register for the draft and a lottery randomly determined the order they were called. –2.8 million men were drafted and 2 million volunteered. African AmericansAfrican Americans –400,000 were drafted only 42,000 served in combat. –Encountered discrimination and prejudice in combat. –Served in segregated units.

HOMEFRONT Step 2: Organizing Industry Congress creates special boards to coordinate mobilization of economy.Congress creates special boards to coordinate mobilization of economy. –Used to emphasize cooperation between big businesses and government

HOMEFRONT Food & FuelFood & Fuel –Food Administration; Herbert Hoover To conserve food Americans followed:To conserve food Americans followed: –Wheatless Monday’s, Meatless Tuesdays, Porkless Thursdays –Victory gardens Fuel ; Harry GarfieldFuel ; Harry Garfield –Introduced daylight savings to conserve energy. –Heatless Mondays –Shortened work weeks for non war production factories. Paying for WarPaying for War –Bonds: American people were loaning the government money. Victory bondsVictory bonds

HOMEFRONT Step 3: Mobilizing for War National War Labor BoardNational War Labor Board –Mediate labor disputes. –Pressured industry to grant wage increases, 8 hour workdays, right of unions Women’s Support IndustryWomen’s Support Industry –Filled vacancies in the industry. Shipping industriesShipping industries Railroad industriesRailroad industries –Jobs were not permanent for women.

Women –First time served in armed forces as Nurses, clerical duties, radio operators, electricians, pharmacists, photographers, chemists and torpedo assemblersNurses, clerical duties, radio operators, electricians, pharmacists, photographers, chemists and torpedo assemblers –11,000 women served in Navy –Army only allowed to enlist in Army Nursing Corps: 20,000 served and 10,000 served overseas Sbe4y8 Sbe4y8