1. Causes of World War I.

2. Causes of World War I - Militarism
Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, France, Britain, Russia) in millions of £s (British pounds)
1870
1880
1890
1900
1910
1914 94
130
154
268
289
398
Increase in Defense Expenditures
France
10%
Britain
13%
Russia
39%
Germany
73%

3. Causes of World War I - Alliances Triple Entente (Understanding):
Triple Alliance:
Great Britain
Germany
Austria-Hungary
France
Tension
Italy
Russia

4. Causes of World War I - Imperialism European conquest of Africa

5. Causes of World War I - Imperialism

6. Causes of World War I - Nationalism
Pan-Germanism  - movement to unify the people of all German speaking countries
Germanic Countries
Austria *
Belgium
Denmark
Iceland
Germany *
Liechtenstein *
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Sweden
Switzerland *
United Kingdom
* = German speaking country

7. Causes of World War I - Assassination
Archduke Franz Ferdinand and Duchess Sophie Sarajevo, Bosnia - June 28th, 1914.

8. Causes of World War I - Assassination

9. Causes of World War I - Assassination
Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand was killed in Bosnia by a Serbian nationalist who believed that Bosnia should belong to Serbia.

10. Causes of World War I - Assassination
Gavrilo Princip after his assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

11. The Point of No Return: The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Austria blamed Serbia for Ferdinand’s death and declared war on Serbia.
Germany pledged their support for Austria -Hungary. · example of Pan-German nationalism
Russia pledged their support for Serbia. · example of Pan-Slavic nationalism

12. The Point of No Return: The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Germany declares war on Russia.
France pledges their support for Russia.
Germany declares war on France.
Germany invades Belgium on the way to France.
Great Britain supports Belgium and declares war on Germany.

13. Causes of World War I (2:17)
Allied Powers:
Central Powers:
Germany
Great Britain
World War I
France
Austria-Hungary
Ottoman Empire
Russia
Italy
Causes of World War I (2:17)

14. American isolationism
Woodrow Wilson had a policy of Isolationism committing to neutrality in WWI
Privately Wilson favored the Allied causes…thought Germany’s war tactics and invasion of countries like Belgium crossed the line.
During re-election in 1916 promised not to send sons to war

15. Zimmerman Note
German Foreign Secretary Arthur Zimmerman sent a telegram to Mexico proposing an alliance proposing: “We shall make war together; we shall make peace together”
Proposed to help them get New Mexico, Texas and Arizona back from US.
British intercepted the note, decoded it and sent it to the US
Newspapers ran it…Americans call for war

16. US declares War
Congress approves War after Germany sinks three American merchant ships.
Selective Service Act- required men between 21 and 30 to register for the draft.
Use of Trench warfare

17. Bolsheviks
Bolsheviks, group of communist Russians, take control over the government and sign a peace treaty with the Central Powers
Now Germany can focus on fighting in the West and not worry about eastern front

18. Women involvement
US Army Signal Corps recruited French-speaking American women to serve as switchboard operators.
20,000 nurses served in the US army

19. Americans help win the War
With Americans assistance the Allies continued their advance toward French areas and on the Belgian border.
Americans cut off German supply line
Central Powers began to surrender and lacked food and the will to keep fighting
Germany surrendered its aircraft, artillery, tanks and boats.

20. Liberty Bonds
To help finance the war effort Wilson called on everyone to help.
Liberty Bonds were a form of loan to the government
Campaigns to sell the bonds were intense

21. Economic considerations: Taxes and Debt
War Revenue Act of 1917-Established very high taxes and taxed the wealthiest Americans at 77 percent.
Increased federal revenue by 400 percent in two years
National debt grew from $1.2 billion in 1916 to $25.5 billion in 1010.

22. Industry and Food
Regulated businesses to increase production and monitor use of needed items such as steel, copper and cement
Increase production of food
Fuel conservation
Introduce daylight savings time to extend daylight for those who worked long shifts in factories

23. Propoganda
Committee on Public Information begins a nationwide campaign to gain support for the American War effort.

24. Copy of page 256 (Wilson’s 14 points and Treaty of Versailles