Preview-World History What is a genocide? What is a genocide? Can you name any recent genocides? Can you name any recent genocides?

The Holocaust

What is genocide? Deliberate and systematic destruction of a racial, political, or cultural group. Deliberate and systematic destruction of a racial, political, or cultural group. The Holocaust was… The systematic state sponsored killing of six million Jewish men, women, and children and millions of others by Nazi Germany and its collaborators during World War II.

Anti-Semitism Anti-semitism: used to describe discrimination or hostility, often violent, directed at Jews Anti-semitism: used to describe discrimination or hostility, often violent, directed at Jews Jews in Europe faced persecution for their religious beliefs for centuries Jews in Europe faced persecution for their religious beliefs for centuries

Anti-Semitism continued… Suffering from WW1 and hardships of the Great Depression led many to look for someone to blame for their problems Suffering from WW1 and hardships of the Great Depression led many to look for someone to blame for their problems Many people began to blame Jews for the problems above Many people began to blame Jews for the problems above “Let the desolation which Jewish hybridization daily visits on our nation be clearly seen, this blood-poisoning that can be removed from our body national only after centuries or nevermore; let it be pondered, further, how racial decay drags down, indeed often annuls, the final Aryan values of our German nation…” -Adolf Hitler, from Mein Kampf, 1925

Nazi Policies Early Nazi persecution aimed to exclude German’s Jews from all aspects of the country’s political, social and economic life. Early Nazi persecution aimed to exclude German’s Jews from all aspects of the country’s political, social and economic life.

Loss of Rights… April 1, 1933-Nazis ordered a one-day boycott of businesses owned by Jews April 1, 1933-Nazis ordered a one-day boycott of businesses owned by Jews 1935-Nuremberg laws stripped Jews of their German citizenship, and outlawed marriage between Jews and non-Jews 1935-Nuremberg laws stripped Jews of their German citizenship, and outlawed marriage between Jews and non-Jews Nazi-controlled newspapers and radio constantly attacked and caricatured Jews as enemies of Germany Nazi-controlled newspapers and radio constantly attacked and caricatured Jews as enemies of Germany

Loss of Rights continued… 1938-Nazis enacted new policies to make life even more difficult for the Jewish people 1938-Nazis enacted new policies to make life even more difficult for the Jewish people Most Jews already lost their jobs Most Jews already lost their jobs Nazis forced Jews to surrender their own businesses to Aryans for a fraction of their value Nazis forced Jews to surrender their own businesses to Aryans for a fraction of their value Jewish doctors and lawyers were forbidden to serve non-Jews, and Jewish students were expelled from public schools Jewish doctors and lawyers were forbidden to serve non-Jews, and Jewish students were expelled from public schools

A Jew was defined as any person who had three or four Jewish grandparents, regardless of his or her current religion A Jew was defined as any person who had three or four Jewish grandparents, regardless of his or her current religion Or, any person who had two Jewish grandparents and practice the Jewish religion Or, any person who had two Jewish grandparents and practice the Jewish religion

Stages of the Holocaust Boycott of Jewish Businesses (1933) Boycott of Jewish Businesses (1933) Nuremberg Laws (1935) Nuremberg Laws (1935) Kristallnacht (1938) Kristallnacht (1938) Jewish Ghettos (1939) Jewish Ghettos (1939) Deportations Throughout Europe ( ) Deportations Throughout Europe ( ) Final Solution ( ) Final Solution ( ) Liberation ( ) Liberation ( )

Boycott of Jewish Buisnesses (1933) Hitler announces a boycott of all Jewish businesses. This isolates Jews both socially and economically from society. Hitler announces a boycott of all Jewish businesses. This isolates Jews both socially and economically from society.

Nuremberg Laws (1935) Laws are passed depriving German Jews of their citizenship and banning marriages between Jews and non-Jews. All Jews forced to wear a yellow Star of David so they can easily be identified. Laws are passed depriving German Jews of their citizenship and banning marriages between Jews and non-Jews. All Jews forced to wear a yellow Star of David so they can easily be identified.

Kristallnacht (1938) Night of Broken Glass Night of Broken Glass November 10, 1938, Nazi officials unleashed a savage, nationwide campaign of terror again Germany’s Jewish population. Many Jews are killed and hundreds of Jewish shops and synagogues are destroyed November 10, 1938, Nazi officials unleashed a savage, nationwide campaign of terror again Germany’s Jewish population. Many Jews are killed and hundreds of Jewish shops and synagogues are destroyed 30,000 Jews are arrested and sent to prison camps 30,000 Jews are arrested and sent to prison camps

During Kristallnacht, the Night of Broken Glass, a synagogue burns in Siegen, Germany. November 10, 1938.

Jewish Ghettos (1939) Ghettos, or confined areas within a city, are established in occupied eastern Europe. Ghettos, or confined areas within a city, are established in occupied eastern Europe. Jews from throughout Europe were forced from their homes and required to live in ghettos. Jews from throughout Europe were forced from their homes and required to live in ghettos.

Warsaw Ghetto Nazis rounded up more than 400,000 Jews (which is about 30% of the Polish capital’s population) and confined them in an area that was less than 3% of the entire city Nazis rounded up more than 400,000 Jews (which is about 30% of the Polish capital’s population) and confined them in an area that was less than 3% of the entire city

Warsaw Ghetto The Warsaw ghetto was sealed off with a wall topped with barbed wire and guarded by Germans. The Warsaw ghetto was sealed off with a wall topped with barbed wire and guarded by Germans. Jews received little food, and hunger, overcrowding, and a lack of sanitation brought on disease. Jews received little food, and hunger, overcrowding, and a lack of sanitation brought on disease. Each month thousands of Jews died in the ghetto. Each month thousands of Jews died in the ghetto. Postcard, sent from the Ghetto

Deportations Throughout Europe ( ) Nazis systematically round up Jews throughout Europe and transport them to death camps in Eastern Europe. Nazis systematically round up Jews throughout Europe and transport them to death camps in Eastern Europe.

Final Solution ( ) Nazi officials agree to move forward with a plan to kill all European Jews. Nazi officials agree to move forward with a plan to kill all European Jews. Death camps are built specifically for this purpose; deportations of Jews throughout Europe begin. Death camps are built specifically for this purpose; deportations of Jews throughout Europe begin. Six million Jews are killed. Six million Jews are killed.

Who were the victims? Jews Jews Gypsies Gypsies Homosexuals Homosexuals The mentally ill The mentally ill The physically disabled The physically disabled The incurably ill The incurably ill

What were the Concentration Camps, Forced Labor Camps, and Extermination Camps ? A concentration camp was a common center where the Nazi SS gathered the Jews and other victims. Those strong enough were selected by the Nazis for forced labor. A concentration camp was a common center where the Nazi SS gathered the Jews and other victims. Those strong enough were selected by the Nazis for forced labor. In the extermination camps the Nazis systematically murdered the prisoners by hanging, gassing, and firing squads. In the extermination camps the Nazis systematically murdered the prisoners by hanging, gassing, and firing squads.

Sorting the shoes of victims in Auschwitz.

Auschwitz Today… A view of the entrance to Auschwitz A view of the entrance to Auschwitz

Firing Wall

Barracks where prisoners slept…