1. Bell Quiz: Use Pages 542-549 1. How many people were killed during the Holocaust? the Holocaust? 2.What famous Jewish physicist refugee fled to the U.S.? refugee fled to the U.S.? 3. What is genocide? 4. What were ghettos? 5. In 1935 what did Jews have to start wearing attached to their clothing? wearing attached to their clothing?

2. Answers 1. 8-11 million people 2. Albert Einstein 3. The deliberate and systematic killing of an entire population. killing of an entire population. 4. Segregated Jewish areas in certain Polish cities. 5. Yellow star of David on the outside of their clothing.

3. Objectives Explain the reasons behind the Nazis’ persecution of the Jews. Explain the reasons behind the Nazis’ persecution of the Jews. Describe the Nazis’ “final Solution” to the Jewish problem and the horrors of the Holocaust. Describe the Nazis’ “final Solution” to the Jewish problem and the horrors of the Holocaust. Identify and describe the profound and lasting effects of the Holocaust on survivors. Identify and describe the profound and lasting effects of the Holocaust on survivors.

4. Holocaust Holocaust: the systematic murder of 8-11 million (6.5 million Jews) people across Europe. Holocaust: the systematic murder of 8-11 million (6.5 million Jews) people across Europe. April 7, 1933 Hitler ordered all “non- Aryans” to be removed from government jobs. April 7, 1933 Hitler ordered all “non- Aryans” to be removed from government jobs. This order was one of the first moves in a campaign for racial purity. This order was one of the first moves in a campaign for racial purity.

5. Jews Jews were the main target of the Holocaust. Jews were the main target of the Holocaust. A long history of hatred towards the Jewish people (Anti-Semitism) had existed in many European countries. A long history of hatred towards the Jewish people (Anti-Semitism) had existed in many European countries. Hitler blamed the Jews for Germany’s economic problems and defeat in WWI. Hitler blamed the Jews for Germany’s economic problems and defeat in WWI. Hitler found that a majority of Germans supported this belief. Hitler found that a majority of Germans supported this belief. In 1935, The Nuremberg Laws stripped Jews of their German citizenship, jobs and property. In 1935, The Nuremberg Laws stripped Jews of their German citizenship, jobs and property. Jews 10 years old and older were required to wear a Star of David on the clothing so Nazis could more easily identify them. Jews 10 years old and older were required to wear a Star of David on the clothing so Nazis could more easily identify them.

6. Kristallnacht : (Night of Broken Glass) November 9-10, 1938 Nazi storm troopers attacked Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues across Germany. November 9-10, 1938 Nazi storm troopers attacked Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues across Germany. Around 100 Jews were killed Around 100 Jews were killed Hundreds more were injured. Hundreds more were injured. 30,000 Jews were arrested 30,000 Jews were arrested Hundreds of synagogues were burned. Hundreds of synagogues were burned. Nazis blamed the Jews for the destruction Nazis blamed the Jews for the destruction

7. Jewish Refugees Jews fleeing Germany had trouble finding nations that would accept them. Jews fleeing Germany had trouble finding nations that would accept them. France took in 40,000 Jewish refugees before refusing to admit anymore. France took in 40,000 Jewish refugees before refusing to admit anymore. Britain refused to admit anymore than 80,000 Jewish refugees. Britain refused to admit anymore than 80,000 Jewish refugees. British controlled Palestine (later Israel) allowed 30,000 refugees to settle there. British controlled Palestine (later Israel) allowed 30,000 refugees to settle there. 100,000 Jewish refugees came to the United States. 100,000 Jewish refugees came to the United States. Albert EinsteinAlbert Einstein Thomas MannThomas Mann

8. Forced Relocation of Jews Ghettos: dismal overcrowded segregated Jewish areas in certain Polish cities. Ghettos: dismal overcrowded segregated Jewish areas in certain Polish cities. Jews not killed by the SS were shipped to concentration camps. Jews not killed by the SS were shipped to concentration camps. Concentration camps: prison camps operated by Nazi Germany and the SS in which Jews and other “undesirables” were murdered; or starved and humiliated while being forced into slave labor. Concentration camps: prison camps operated by Nazi Germany and the SS in which Jews and other “undesirables” were murdered; or starved and humiliated while being forced into slave labor.

9. Separation of Jews Upon Arrival At the Concentration Camps Once the Jews were unloaded and separated into male and female lines, they were then subjected to a selection process. SS doctors carried out this selection. Usually, those over 14 years of age and deemed ‘fit’ for work were sent to one side of the unloading ramp; the rest were sent to the other side. The elderly and women with children were sent directly to the line of prisoners who were condemned to death in the gas chambers. Those Jews selected for work were sent to a separate building for registration. Prisoners would be registered, before undressing, placing their clothes on a hook, together with their shoes. They would then be tattooed with a registration number, shaved of all body hair, and showered. Once showered, prisoners were given the infamous striped pajamas, hat and a pair of wooden clogs. They were marched to the blocks to begin their life within the camp.

10. Hitler’s “Final Solution” Hitler’s “Final Solution” was a policy of genocide: the systematic killing of the entire Jewish population. Hitler’s “Final Solution” was a policy of genocide: the systematic killing of the entire Jewish population. Jews weren’t the only group that Nazi’s deemed as “inferior” or “unworthy” “enemies of the state.” Jews weren’t the only group that Nazi’s deemed as “inferior” or “unworthy” “enemies of the state.” Nazi Germany also targeted: Non-Aryans, Gypsies, Freemasons, Jehovah’s Witnesses, homosexuals, the mentally deficient, the mentally ill, the physically disabled, and the incurably ill. Nazi Germany also targeted: Non-Aryans, Gypsies, Freemasons, Jehovah’s Witnesses, homosexuals, the mentally deficient, the mentally ill, the physically disabled, and the incurably ill. Hitler began implementing his Final Solution in Poland. Hitler began implementing his Final Solution in Poland. In Poland the SS (“security squads”) rounded up Jewish men, women, children/babies and shot them. In Poland the SS (“security squads”) rounded up Jewish men, women, children/babies and shot them.

11. Extermination In 1942 the final stage of Hitler’s “Final Solution” was the mass murder of Jews by poison gas. In 1942 the final stage of Hitler’s “Final Solution” was the mass murder of Jews by poison gas. The Germans built six death camps in Poland. The Germans built six death camps in Poland. Each camp had several huge gas chambers in which 12,000 people could be killed daily. Each camp had several huge gas chambers in which 12,000 people could be killed daily. The largest of the death camps was Auschwitz. The largest of the death camps was Auschwitz. To cover up the evidence of their slaughter, Nazis used crematoriums to burn the dead bodies. To cover up the evidence of their slaughter, Nazis used crematoriums to burn the dead bodies. Prisoners were also shot, hanged, or injected with poison. Prisoners were also shot, hanged, or injected with poison. Others were the victims of horrible medical experiments carried out by Nazi Doctors. Joseph Mengele studied the organs, brains, and limb transplants. Took special interest in studying twins. Others were the victims of horrible medical experiments carried out by Nazi Doctors. Joseph Mengele studied the organs, brains, and limb transplants. Took special interest in studying twins. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=owwL0Fynqak&pl aynext=1&list=PLC7AD1D8832C1DE58&safe=active http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=owwL0Fynqak&pl aynext=1&list=PLC7AD1D8832C1DE58&safe=active http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=owwL0Fynqak&pl aynext=1&list=PLC7AD1D8832C1DE58&safe=active http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=owwL0Fynqak&pl aynext=1&list=PLC7AD1D8832C1DE58&safe=active

12. Geneva Convention http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/i nstree/y3gctpw.htm http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/i nstree/y3gctpw.htm http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/i nstree/y3gctpw.htm

13. Use pages 542-549 if needed  Assignment: Pen Pal  Instructions: Write 2 letters. The first, assume the role of a Jew in Nazi Germany and write a letter to an African-American friend in the United States. Explain to your friend what is happening to you and your fellow Jews. The second letter, respond to the first letter by explaining how you and other African- Americans are being treated in the southern United States. Remember that the time period is 1933-1945.

14. Video

15. Handout: Freeing the Survivors 1. Read the handout 2. Write: Reaction page to the holocaust, the video and the handout. Include in your writing a response to the German proverb “In time of war the Devil makes more room in hell.”

16. Review Why did Hitler and the Germans target the Jews? Why did Hitler and the Germans target the Jews? What were the Nuremberg laws and what were the Jews required to wear? What were the Nuremberg laws and what were the Jews required to wear? What other groups of people were targeted for extermination beside Jews? What other groups of people were targeted for extermination beside Jews? How many people a day could be killed in the gas chambers? How many people a day could be killed in the gas chambers?