Organs and Systems

Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things. Tissues are a group of cell working together to perform a certain function.

Organs are groups of tissues working together to perform a specific function. Organ systems are groups of organs working together to perform a specific function Organism is a group of organs systems working together to carry out the functions of life. - YOU ARE AN ORGANISM

Circulatory System FUNCTION To pump blood containing oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste throughout the body.

Parts Heart = pump Blood vessels - combined name for veins and arteries Veins- carry blood to heart Arteries- carry blood away from heart

Works with the following systems Respiratory – –picks up oxygen to deliver to the cells of the body –Takes carbon dioxide to the lungs to be expelled Immune system- – carries white blood cells, T-cells and other components throughout the body to do their job. Digestive system- – picks up nutrients from the intestines to take to the rest of the body Endocrine system – – takes hormones throughout the body

Excretory system- –picks up waste from cells and takes them to be expelled from the body Reproductive system – – takes blood, hormones and nutrients to the reproductive organs Musculo / skeletal system- –provides blood and nutrients to bones and muscles

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Respiratory system- function – supply oxygen and remove carbon dioxide

–Mouth – takes in air, also helps filter stuff out of the air so it does not get into lungs takes in air, also helps filter stuff out of the air so it does not get into lungs –Nose- takes in air, helps filter stuff out of the air so it does not get into lungs, –Sinuses- small pockets in the bones of the forehead, and cheeks small pockets in the bones of the forehead, and cheeks –Trachea- air tube from nose and mouth to lungs

–Lungs- organs that allow oxygen to pass from lungs into the circulatory system, also allows CO2 to move out of the circulatory system into the lungs to be expelled. –Bronchi- air tubes that branch off trachea –Bronchioles- smaller branches of bronchial tubes –Alveoli – microscopic sacs at the end of bronchioles where gas exchange takes place. Interfaces with circulatory system

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Digestive system Function – Break down food we eat into useable molecules.

Parts of the digestive system –Mouth, teeth, tongue and salivary glands- mechanically break down food, saliva puts enzymes into the food that start to break it down mechanically break down food, saliva puts enzymes into the food that start to break it down –Esophagus- the tube that connects the mouth and the stomach –Stomach- contains acid and enzymes that chemically breakdown food into individual molecules contains acid and enzymes that chemically breakdown food into individual molecules –Small intestine- fat is digested here, most of the absorption of food molecules into the blood

–Large intestine- removes water and moves waste out of the body removes water and moves waste out of the body –Liver- produces bile that has enzymes that break down fat –Pancreas- produces enzymes that neutralize stomach acid produces enzymes that neutralize stomach acid –Gallbladder – stores bile produced by liver. stores bile produced by liver.

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Nervous System Function – receives, and sends messages from the body to the brain and the brain to the body- controls muscle contraction, movement, decision making receives, and sends messages from the body to the brain and the brain to the body- controls muscle contraction, movement, decision making

Parts –Brain- made of lots of neurons, it is the control center all impulses are received, checked and responses are sent back at speeds of up to 200 miles an hour. Controls breathing, and heart rate –Spinal column- made up of many nerves, connects the brain to the nerves in the rest of the body. made up of many nerves, connects the brain to the nerves in the rest of the body. –Neurons – individual cells that send impulses to other nerve cells and back to the brain individual cells that send impulses to other nerve cells and back to the brain

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Excretory System- Function – to rid the body of to rid the body of waste products

Organs Kidney- –filters blood and removes waste products and excess water Bladder- – holds waste and water removed by the kidneys before it is expelled from the body

organs Lungs –Excrete carbon dioxide Skin Skin –Excretes waste, electrolytes, and water (sweat)

Immune system this is a picture of an immune cell eating immune cell eating an anthrax bacteria

Function – Remove foreign matter from the body and to keep the body healthy removes bacteria, viruses,& pollen

Parts Lymphocytes – –T-cells, b-cells, NK –Identify and attack –Viruses, tumors and bacteria Spleen Spleen Removes old red blood cells, stores red blood incase of trauma, makes anitbodies Removes old red blood cells, stores red blood incase of trauma, makes anitbodies

Thymus –Lymphocyte maturation, autoimmunity Lymph nodes –Stores immune cells, filters and traps foreign materials that may be harmful Interfaces with the circulatory system

Reproductive system Function – create new life Includes several organs that I won’t list because you would not be able to handle it

Musculo/ Skeletal system

Function – provide movement and support of the body Includes the following organs –Neuron- sends and receives signals that causes movement –Muscles- movement –Bones- support

Endocrine system

Function The endocrine system is instrumental in regulating metabolism, growth and development and puberty, tissue function, and plays a part also in mood.[1] metabolismgrowth and development and pubertytissue function mood[1]metabolismgrowth and development and pubertytissue function mood[1]

Includes the following organs –Pituitary gland –in brain “master gland” Growth hormome- growth of skin, bones etc Prolactin – milk production in lactating women Thyrotropin – controls thyroid gland Corticotropin – controls the adrenal gland –Hypothalmus – in brain controls the pituitary gland

–Thyroid gland- in front of neck Controls metabolism, bone growth, brain development in children –Parathyroid – near thyroid Control blood calcium levels –Adrenal- on top of kidney Water balance, salt balance, stress, metabolism, immune function and sexual development Stress response hormones

Pineal- in brain –Produces melatonin –Puberty –Male and female hormones –Pancreas- near liver and behind stomach –Insulin and glucagon production for regulation of blood sugar

Integumentary System

organs Function –Acts as a protective barrier between body and outside world. Sensory, heat regulation, evaporation, storage, excretion Dermis –Made of connective tissue, cushions body, contains hair follicles, sweat glands, oil glands

Hypodermis –Not actually part of the skin, attaches skin to underlying bone and muscles, also provides blood supply Hair –Made of a type of protein old cells packed together, grows out of follicles attached to glands that produce oil,

Sweat gland- two types eccrine (excrete water) and appocrine (give you body odor). Help with excretion and temperature regulation. Oil gland- also called sebaceous glands produce oil to keep skin moist and reduce water loss.

Lymphatic system System of vessels and capillaries that transf