1. Body System Organization Overview

2. UEQ: How is the body organized?
LEQ: What are the major organ systems of the human body?
Warm up: How many organ systems can you name in the human body?

3. Integumentary System Includes: Cutaneous membrane, aka skin
Other accessory organs such as hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands.
Protect the body from drying out and having foreign items entering in

4. Skeletal System
Made up of bones; also includes your cartilage (tendons and ligaments)
provide points of attachment for muscles
protect and support softer tissue
house blood producing cells, store inorganic salts
provide pathways for blood vessels and nerves

5. Respiratory system
Includes nasal cavity, sinus cavity, throat, trachea, lungs, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
Primary function is to obtain oxygen and remove CO2
Includes tubes that remove particles from incoming air & transport air into and out of the lungs
gas exchange between the atmosphere and body cells = respiration
Oxygen utilization and carbon dioxide production in the cells = cellular respiration

6. Muscular System
Muscles and organs composed of specialized cells that use chemical energy stored in nutrients to contract
Actions include: muscle tone, propel body fluids and food, generate heartbeat, and distribute heat

7. Cardiovascular System
Includes heart, arteries, veins, blood
Brings oxygen and nutrients to the body cells and removes waste
Comprised of a pump (heart) and its vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries) and blood
If didn’t exist, no oxygen or nutrients would be delivered, CO2/wastes would build up

8. Urinary System Includes the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
Removes salts and nitrogenous wastes
Helps to maintain normal concentrations of water and electrolytes
Regulates pH and volume of body fluid
Helps to control red blood cell production and blood pressure

9. Nervous System
Comprised of neurons, aka nerve cells; nervous tissue – bundles of axons and neuroglial cells
Sensory information is brought into and sent out of the brain and spinal cord
Nerve impulses are chemical reactions that allow them to communicate from cell to cell.
Can be divided into two systems – Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

10. Digestive System
Includes: mouth, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophogus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancrease, small and large intestine
Mechanical and chemical breakdown of foods
Supplies body cells with nutrients
Consists of the alimentary canal – mouth to anus.
186 sq. meters long

11. Endocrine System
Include: pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenal gland, pancreas, ovaries, testes, thymus gland
Endocrine glands – secrete hormones
Exocrine glands – secrete “stuff” outside the body.
Act on cells called target cells
Can be used as messenger molecules

12. Lymphatic and Immunity System
Consists of: lymphatic vessels, lymph fluid, lymph nodes, thymus gland and spleen.
Network of vessels that transports transports fluids
Carry away excess fluids from body to blood stream
Launch both generalized and targeted attacks against foreign objects or toxins

13. Reproductive System
can be divided into the internal reproductive organs and the external genitalia.
gonads are the actual organs that produce the gametes.
Males - testes produce sperm; external genitalia- penis and scrotum; internal genitalia – prostate gland
Females - ovaries make eggs; internal genitalia – vagina, uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes