Strunk and White Elements of Style Chapter 1

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
SUBJECT–VERB AGREEMENT
Advertisements

The Elements of Style by Strunk, White, and Morales
Commas Rule! 1. Grammar A punctuation mark (, ) used to indicate a separation of ideas or of elements within the structure of a sentence. 2. A pause or.
Unit 13: Relative Pronouns
Chapter 1 Jim Hawkins’ Story I
Parts of Speech ITSW 1410 Presentation Media Software Instructor: Glenda H. Easter.
Advanced Sentence Structure. Clauses A subject and a predicate by themselves make an independent clause. Sentences can contain more than one clause, and.
Writing Simple Sentences
Parts of Speech. Eight parts of speech Nouns Verbs Adjectives Adverbs Pronouns Prepositions Conjunctions Interjections.
Sentence sTructures.
Grammar and Parts of Speech
Semicolons & Colons Apostrophes
ACT Grammar Lesson More PUNCTUATION. Semicolons (;) Punctuation marks used to put two or more clauses together to form one big sentence. Falls somewhere.
Weeks 16, 17, 18. On top of periods, question marks and exclamation points... - Did you know there is a whole world of punctuation out there to give your.
Grammar Skills Workshop
Sentences are made up of parts.  Have a capital letter at the beginning  Include an ending punctuation mark  Have a subject and a verb  Express a.
Punctuations.
Capitalization and Punctuation
VI. Other Punctuation. A. Use Semicolons To… 1.To join 2 independent clauses I went ice fishing last Saturday; we didn’t catch anything. 2.To join 2 independent.
The 5 Sentence Structures
Grammar and Punctuatio n Part IV. Punctu ation, !. ? : ; “ ” ‘
Parts of Speech There are eight parts of speech: noun adverb
Remediation: Punctuation Quiz
English ACT Prep Punctuation.
Capitalization and Punctuation Chapter 13, pg 234.
Tricky bits…. Exceptions to all those rules – and common mistakes.
Conquering the Comma Purdue University Writing Lab.
Welcome: Language Arts 8 Vocabulary and Grammar LA8U7L3.
BASIC PUNCTUATION RULES COMMAS, END MARKS, QUOTATION MARKS, COLONS, SEMI-COLONS AND APOSTROPHES.
ACT English Punctuation. Today’s Goals □ Review rules for punctuation. □ Demonstrate understanding of punctuation rules through discussion and individual.
 Grammar 5. There are several pronouns that can be used in adjective clauses: that (people and things) o The new computer that I bought is really fast.
PUNCTUATION RULES COMMAS COLON SEMICOLON Adapted from Sharon Fulmer.
Conquering the Comma.
Grammar Parts of Speech Eight Parts of Speech Nouns Pronouns Adjectives Adverbs Conjunctions Prepositions Verbs Interjections.
A workshop brought to you by the Purdue University Writing Lab
Monday, April 27, 2015  Sit with a group where you will be successful (not tempted to play around).  You will need your journal and a yellow textbook.
Grammar Boot Camp.  Working in pairs, write a working definition of a sentence.  Now let’s look at what a serious dictionary has to say.
Writing 基礎英文 寫作 進四技應二甲 周怡君 September Unit 1 Understanding Sentence Basics.
Advanced Sentence Structure
Punctuation in Academic Writing: Commas Save Lives! GRAMMAR WORKSHOP SERIES.
Using Apostrophes.
Subject /Predicate Types of Sentences Fragments Run-on Sentence 1.
COMMA USAGE Trust me, everyone needs a review in this…
PRONOUNS Relative. What is a relative pronoun? A relative pronoun is a pronoun that introduces a relative clause. It is called a "relative" pronoun because.
Parts of a Sentence. John swims. Dogs run. Children sing. Nouns: JohnDogsChildren.
PARTS OF SPEECH: ERRORS UNIT 3 THEME 2. LACK OF CONCORD (NUMBER) Lack of concord number. The number of the subject should agree with the number of the.
Oxford Words
Comma Rules 1. Use commas to separate items in a series. There are many different kinds of series, one for each part of speech except conjunctions. Examples:
RULE 1: Form the possessive singular of nouns by adding (‘s)  What does it mean to POSSESS something?  What does SINGULAR mean?  Possessive singular.
ESSENTIAL WORDS.
Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement
Narrative Writing Prep
Commas (Why should we care?).
Choose the word in parentheses that best completes the sentence:
Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement
ACT English Punctuation.
High Frequency Words. High Frequency Words a about.
Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement
Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement
Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement
Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement
Strunk & White Rules 7-11.
Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement
Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement
Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement
RULE 1: Form the possessive singular of nouns by adding (‘s)
Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement
Quotation Marks and Apostrophes
Elements of Style Writing survival tips.
Presentation transcript:

Strunk and White Elements of Style Chapter 1 ELEMENTARY RULES OF USAGE

Index 1. Form the possessive singular of nouns with 's 2. In a series of three or more terms with a single conjunction, use a comma after each term except the last 3. Enclose parenthetic expressions between commas 4. Place a comma before a conjunction introducing an independent clause 5. Do not join independent clauses by a comma 6. Do not break sentences in two 7. Use a colon after an independent clause to introduce a list of particulars, an appositive, an amplification, or an illustrative quotation 8. Use a dash to set off an abrupt break or interruption and to announce a long apositive or summary 9. The number of the subject determines the number of the verb 10. Use the proper case of pronoun 11. A participial phrase at the beginning of a sentence must refer to the grammatical subject

1.Form the possessive singular of nouns with 's The cat’s paws The dog’s bark The room’s odor The bird’s song The school’s policy The judge’s verdict Charles’s friend Mr. Gibbs’s poetry Mr. Jones’s classroom Eliot Ness’s hat The boss’s daughter

1.Form the possessive singular of nouns with 's The cats’ paws The dogs’ bark The rooms’ odor The birds’ song The schools’ policy The judges’ verdict Six cats walked by Two dogs barked Nine rooms were evacuated The birds sang The schools are broke The judges decide

1. Exceptions to the possessive apostrophe rule Right The laws of Moses The temple of Isis Teachings of Jesus For conscience’ sake For righteousness’ sake Wrong Moses’s laws Isis’s temple Jesus’s teachings For conscience’s sake For righteousness’s sake

Definite pronouns use NO apostrophe Indefinite pronouns use apostrophe The hat is hers The car is ours The floor is yours The piano is theirs Its legs are wobbly Somebody’s hat Anybody’s car Everyone’s duty One’s right to know Everybody’s fool Everybody’s happy Anybody’s eligible Somebody’s at the door It’s hot in here It’s a wise dog that scratches its own fleas. What are these apostrophes for?

Mr. Gibbs’s Pet Peeve Putting apostrophes on simple plural nouns Pie’s for sale. Horse’s for rent. Garage Sale: Many item’s My teacher’s taught me good grammar.

To ALL sports writers: It's the girls' basketball team, not the girl’s basketball team.

Use apostrophe when you omit a letter I'm from the class of '71. I like rock 'n' roll. Don't forget the contractions. Can’t, won’t, shouldn’t, couldn’t, didn’t, let’s, she’s, it’s

Use 's to form plurals of single letters and numbers She got all a's and b's. Her scores were all 6’s and 7’s. Watch your P’s and Q’s. The French student isn’t rolling his r’s.

Uncle Charlie still lives in the 1960s. The 1950s were prosperous. Exceptions: Do not use the apostrophe for plurals of numbers or multiple-letter combinations Uncle Charlie still lives in the 1960s. The 1950s were prosperous. Now I know my ABCs

Citizens League Actors Guild Pikes Peak Hermits Ridge Omit the apostrophe in names of organizations when the possessive case is implied and in certain geographic designations Citizens League Actors Guild Pikes Peak Hermits Ridge

The flag is red, white, and blue. She looked up, down, and all around. 2.In a series of three or more terms with a single conjunction, use a comma after each term except the last The flag is red, white, and blue. She looked up, down, and all around. He walked in the room, hung up his coat, and sat in the chair.

My favorite foods are tacos, tangerines, and peanut butter and jelly sandwiches.

My favorite foods are tacos, tangerines, peanut butter and jelly sandwiches, and ham and eggs.

Use the semicolon in lists where the individual items contain commas Use the semicolon in lists where the individual items contain commas. This applies even if only one item has a comma The committee included Mary Ladd, chairperson; Oliver Greenwood, treasurer; and Nellie Kim, secretary. They brought with them from New Orleans a box of gumbo; a large, green suitcase; and a change of clothes. He is afraid of bears; lions; skunks; black widow spiders; and big, ugly rats.

3.Enclose parenthetic expressions between commas The old man, alone with his thoughts, continued to walk his dog.

The old man, alone with his thoughts, continued to walk his dog.

The dog, hungry and tired, followed along behind.

The dog, hungry and tired, followed along behind.

The old man jumped when he saw the stick, thinking it was a snake.

The old man jumped when he saw the stick, thinking it was a snake.

The students, who found the material difficult, met after school. Refering to all the students The students, who found the material difficult, met after school. Only certain students The students who found the material difficult met after school.

My sister, Mary, is visiting. I have one sister My sister, Mary, is visiting. I have two sisters My sister Mary is visiting.

Use a comma before which, but no comma before that. THAT is a defining pronoun. WHICH is a non-defining pronoun.

I have several computers The computer that is broken is in the shop. I have one computer The computer, which is broken, is in the shop.

This is the house that Jack built.

This is the house, which Jack built.

4.Place a comma before a conjunction introducing an independent clause John went to the store, and he bought milk. Mary went home, and she did her homework. I walked in, and I sat down.

4.Place a comma before a conjunction introducing an independent clause John went to the store and bought milk. Mary went home and did her homework. I walked in and sat down.

The old man reached his house, and he opened the front gate.

The old man reached his house and opened the front gate.

The old man reached his house. He opened the front gate.

Linguistically, a comma translates as a pause in speech.

Linguistic Commas Slowly, George walked home, his head down, watching his feet, his hands in his pockets, lost in thought, thinking about tomorrow, wondering about the test, curious about the questions, unsure how he’d handle the pressure.

When in doubt, read your writing aloud, and punctuate according to sound.

5.Do not join independent clauses by a comma Right The man was pugnacious; fighting was his favorite pastime. May was sanguine; the grin never left her face. Wrong The man was pugnacious, fighting was his favorite pastime. May was sanguine, the grin never left her face.

6.Do not break sentences in two Incorrectly written: He was an interesting talker. A man who had traveled all over the world. She was beautiful. A stark and radiant figure against the moonlight. I met Bobby Watson at school. A new student who just arrived yesterday.

6.Do not break sentences in two Correctly written: He was an interesting talker, a man who had traveled all over the world. She was beautiful, a stark and radiant figure against the moonlight. I met Bobby Watson at school, a new student who just arrived yesterday.

7. Use a colon after an independent clause to introduce a list of particulars, an appositive, an amplification, or an illustrative quotation Right My favorite musicians are as follows: Frank Sinatra, Tony Bennett, Wayne Newton, and Shaggy. Wrong My favorite musicians are: Frank Sinatra, Tony Bennett, Wayne Newton, and Shaggy

8. Use a dash to set off an abrupt break or interruption and to announce a long appositive or summary “I said I’m leaving and you can’t stop –” “You’re not going anywhere!” John entered the plane – an old WWII cargo carrier with rusty hinges and cracked windows – and took his seat She caught the snowball – a grapefruit-sized mass of wet snow, ice, and highway grit – square in the face.

9. The number of the subject determines the number of the verb Wrong: The joy of youth – its trials, its joys, its adventures, its challenges – are not soon forgotten. Right: The joy of youth – its trials, its joys, its adventures, its challenges – is not soon forgotten.

10. Use the proper case of pronoun Will Jane or he be hired? The culprit was he. The last one out of the room was she. We big eaters would rather ride than walk. He likes Shakespeare more than I do. Virgil Soames is the candidate who we think will win. Virgil Soames is the candidate whom we hope to elect.

11. A participial phrase at the beginning of a sentence must refer to the grammatical subject Wrong: Being in dilapidated condition, I was able to buy the house cheap. Wrong: Wondering what to do, the clock struck 12. Right: Walking down the road, he saw a woman. Right: He saw a woman walking down the road

end