The Status of the Building Energy Sector in DPR Korea PIINTEC, DPR of Korea BEET Workshop, Beijing, China, 9 th, March, 2008

Building Energy Sectors and Activities in DPRK Residential (over 20% of total energy consumption in 1990 ) – Heating & Cooking – Lighting (small in share) – Electrical appliances – Water Supply and Drainage Public & Commercial – Heating – Cooling ( Very little in share ) – Lighting – Other (Hot Water Supply, Electrical instruments, etc)

Building Energy Devices For Individual Heating – Coal Stove ( is called “Butumak”) Use the coal briquette (called “ Kumongtan”) Combution efficiency is nearly over 90% ItemAmount, MJ/dayShare, % Cooking Loss from Stove surface Heating Loss Exhausted gas Total Table 1. Thermal Energy Balance in a coal stove

Building Energy Devices For Individual Heating – Biomass Stove ( mainly used in rural areas) Shrubs, Agricultural by-products, etc Thermal Efficiency is less than 65% – For cooking, nearly 10~15% – Electricity Heater used in some areas with small Hydro Power Plants some of the public and commercial buildings in urban Heating Period: from Mid. September to Mid. April

Building Energy Devices For Lighting – Incandescent Lamp – FCB Undergoing the plane for replacing the Incandescent Lamps with FCB Challenges in implementation of this plane: – Initial investments, equality of electricity such as voltage, frequency

Activities and Technologies for Building Energy Efficiency Improvements in DPRK Thermal Insulating of Building – Properties of Building Surfaces Wall : – Coefficient of heat transfer: K= 0.6~2.0 W/( ㎡ K) Windows: – Single or double glazing K= 6.0~2.8 W/( ㎡ K)

Activities and Technologies for Building Energy Efficiency Improvements in DPRK Thermal Insulating of Building – Properties of insulating material Common used : – Specific weight 450~500 kg/ ㎥ – Coefficient of heat transfer: λ= 0.15 W/(m K) Foamed cement concrete (Recently used) : – Specific weight 230 kg/ ㎥ – Coefficient of heat transfer: λ= 0.07 W/(m K) Good for making and constructing Wider application in our country…

Activities and Technologies for Building Energy Efficiency Improvements in DPRK Introduction of mini or micro CHP plants – Raw Fuels: Husks of rice – Capacity of generator: 1.5kW, 15kW, 30kW – Electricity supply for driving machines, lighting and TV. – Hot water supply for bathrooms. – Have founded its application in farm villages.

Activities and Technologies for Building Energy Efficiency Improvements in DPRK Development of Solar Energy – Total amount of solar energy in a day: 3.6~4kWh/ ㎡ – Share by seasons Autumn : about 44% Spring and summer :about31% Winter :about15% – Special feature Share of scattering light is greater than other areas ( 30~40%).

Activities and Technologies for Building Energy Efficiency Improvements in DPRK Type of Solar Energy use Type of Solar Energy use – PSH : Most widely used. – PV system: little used, only for pilots or in small scale – Solar cooking stove: little used, only for pilots or in small scale – SWH systems: (for bathroom),

Activities and Technologies for Building Energy Efficiency Improvements in DPRK Development of Solar Energy (Examples) Technical characteristics: – Floor Area of a household: 160 ㎡ – Heating Load for a HH: 2.2 ㎾ (only for useful area) – Share of solar energy: 1.8 ㎾ – Type of system: PSH – Energy efficient windows (window coated infrared reflection film): K<=1.6 W/( ㎡ ·K) – Enhanced the wall insulation K<=0.3 W/( ㎡ ·K)

Activities and Technologies for Building Energy Efficiency Improvements in DPRK Use of Biogas in households – Designing and manufacturing of the useful digesters (not only for public uses for households) – Development of biogas bulbs for lighting

Activities and Technologies for Building Energy Efficiency Improvements in DPRK Energy Efficiency Improvement of devices – Application of gravity circulating hot water heating system in public & commercial buildings – Application of special coal briquette stove (small in size and convenient in operation), which is called “Chakhwatan” stove). Reduces the cooling load in summer more efficient than current coal briquette stoves

Activities and Technologies for Building Energy Efficiency Improvements in DPRK Analysis and Evaluation of BEEI Measures and Technologies – Methodology and Tools LEAP, RETScreen International software package Homer. – Challenges: Lack of full understanding, little experiences and training for the application of tools above.

Significance of BEEI in DPRK Relieve the energy congestion Consistent with needs for sustainable development – Social (better living conditions, social interest in energy saving,, etc) – Economical (productivity, income, etc) – Environmental (reduce of GHG emission)

Thank you.