1. Circular Economy Development in China
Dr. Hongchun Zhou
Department of Social Development
Development Research Center of the State Council, China
2018/11/18

2. Outline 1. Introduction 2. Circular Economy in China
3. Some Case Study
4. Conclusion and Discussion
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3. 1. Introduction
Definition of the Circular Economy: Circular economy covers all of economic development activities which reduce, reuse and recycle resources, in order to maximize resource use and minimize pollution and emission, aiming at sustainable development.
Reduce: Material input and waster discharge;
Reuse: as second-hand, recovery, remanufacture, part(s) of products;
Recycle: as raw material, and thermal use.
Ref. Law of the Circular Economy Promotion of the People’s Republic of China.
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4. 2. The Circular Economy in China
Directive of the Circular Economy Promotion Issued by State Council, July 2, 2005
Five sectors:
- exploration, production, logistics, consumption, recovery, recycle.
Four priority:
- energy conservation, water-saving, resource comprehensive utility, environmental industry
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5. Law of the Circular Economy Promotion
7 chapters and 58 items, in which 7 regulators:
-plan,
-total quantity control,
-assessment,
-extended producer responsibility,
-management of enterprises with high energy consumption and emissions
-incentives, and
-conpension
Means of circular economy in China is similar to ecological agriculture, industry ecology, and/or green industry.
Establish national statistics database for Circular Economy Development
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6. 3. Cases of Circular Economy in China
Initiate pilot involves parties at three levels: Enterprises, Eco-industrial Park, and Urban areas.
such enterprises in the sectors as Iron and steel, non-ferrous metal, power plant, chemicals, construction materials, light industry;
Recovery system, recycling of secondary metal, recovery of used electric products, and re-manufacture, and
Provinces and cities.
- the first trial of pilot Circular Economy Development programme contains 83 parties
- the second one involves 98 parties
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7. The Circular Economy in Agriculture
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8. Energy-saving and resource comprehensive utilisation at Jinan Steel
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Energy-saving and resource comprehensive utilisation at Jinan Steel

9. Copper Recovery in Tianjin EIP Solid Wastes imported;
Artificial classification；
crushed by a machine;
Water separating;
Best use of everything
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10. 4. Conclusion and Discussion
China has made some progress in the Circular Economy development
China is actively taking measures and actions to reduce energy consumption so as to control greenhouse gas emission;
China is facing big challenge during the stage of industrialization and urbanization;
Questions?
Are these activities belong to Low Carbon Economy?
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11. Growth rate of GDP and Energy consumption during 1978~2006
GDP and energy consumption growth rate in China since 1978
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12. GDP and energy intensity in China during 1978～2006
Unit: 10K yuan
Ref: Energy intensity in 2006 decreased by 67.7％ compared to GDP at 1978 price.
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13. Chare of Primary Energy consumption in China since 1978
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14. 2018/11/18

15. 2018/11/18

16. Actively develop hydropower in China
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Hydropower Installation in China

17. Use wind energy Wind electricity capacity is 6050 MW till 2007;
4200 MW capacity is under construction (putting China the fifth in the world); up to WM this year, and MW in 2010 (will then be putting China as the top one in terms of wind power capacity in the world).
fasten the construction of wind plant and develop wind power equipment up to MW of capacity (Zhang, 2008)
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18. Nuclear development: about 9 000MW of unclear power installation is in use now (1.3% of the total capacity)
6 plants, 11 units of unclear power with 9060 MW capacities in use since the first phase of Qinshan plant in 1991, and the other 7900 MW capacity of 8 plants are under construction.
The second phase of Lingao unclear plant in construction
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19. Wastes used as energy sources
Biomass energy development
Use agricultural residues (such as unwanted stems) to generate electricity
One of the 100 on-going
Biomass power plants
under construction
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20. 26.23 million families use biogas in 2007.
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21. Integration of greenhouse, piggery, heating, methane-generation
CO2 O2
Biogas for heating
Tank for Biogas Digester
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22. 2018/11/18

23. Shut down small scale of plant
Shut down small scale plants below or of 21570MW capacity in 2007.
Consumed coal of electricity generation decreased by 10 g/kWh, which equals to 0.3 million tones less of SO2 emission and 37.6 million tones less of CO2 emission.
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24. The plan of renewable energy development in China
Wind power: additional 9000 MW, and all together up MW renewable to 2010;
Biomass: 5500 MW capacity to 2010;
Biogas (methane): 40 million families, large scale of 6300 biogas engineers;
Thermal use of solar energy on 150 mm2, solar power of 300MW;
National input 12.2 billion yuan into demonstration of biomass technology in rural areas.
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25. Thank you!
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