Constructing Structures Chapter 17 Constructing Structures © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

Learning Objectives List the two types of construction. Describe the major types of buildings that are constructed. Identify the steps involved in constructing a structure. Identify the types of foundations. Describe the framework used in buildings. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

Learning Objectives Describe how buildings are enclosed. Explain the types of utility systems used in buildings. Identify other types of buildings. Identify the characteristics of heavy engineering structures. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

Types of Construction Projects Types of Structures Types of Construction Projects Buildings Residential buildings, commercial buildings, and industrial buildings. -May include monuments, cultural and government buildings, transportation terminals, sports arenas and exhibition centers, and agricultural buildings. Heavy Engineering Structures Transportation, communication, and production structures. -Roadways, bridges, antenna towers, refineries, and dams. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

Manufactured Home © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

Constructing Buildings (Gehl Co.) © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

Constructing Buildings Preparing the site involves choosing a location, purchasing the land, clearing, grading, and leveling the site. A complete foundation has two parts: footing and foundation wall. Foundation to be used is determined by the soil type of the site. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

Foundation Types Spread foundations are used on rock and in hard soils, such as clay. Slab foundations are used for soft soils. Pile foundations are used on wet, marshy, or sandy soils. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

The Framework The framework consists of the floors, interior and exterior walls, ceilings, and roof. It is built from one of three materials: lumber, steel, or reinforced concrete. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

The Floor Lumber floors begin with a wood sill, then floor joists. The subfloor is installed on top of the joists. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

The Wall Frames Link “sole plate,” “top plate,” “studs,” and “header” to key terms. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

The Roof and Ceiling Ceiling joists are laid across to support the wall frames. Rafters are connected to ceiling joists to make a truss and support the exterior roof. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

Enclosing the Structure Two steps: Sheathing the exterior with plywood, fiberboard, or rigid foam sheets. Installing the roof. First, the roof is sheathed with plywood or waferboard. Then, the roofing materials are installed according to roof style. Link “fascia,” and “soffit” to key terms. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

Utility Systems Electricity systems use 110-volt and 220-volt circuits split by the distribution panel to power appliances and other systems. Plumbing systems bring in potable water and expel wastewater. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

Heavy Engineering Structures Heavy engineering construction includes building civil structures, or heavy engineering structures, such as: Highways, power transmission and communication towers, and hydroelectric and flood control dams. Heavy engineering structures can be divided into transportation, communication, and production structures. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

Transportation Structures Transportation structures transport people and goods. Roadways are very common and date back to early civilization. Today, roadways are made of layers of compacted dirt, coarse gravel, finer gravel, and finally either asphalt or concrete. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

Bridges Movable or fixed. All are made of a substructure (piers and abutments) and a superstructure (the deck). There are five types: beam bridges, truss bridges, arch bridges, cantilever bridges, and suspension bridges. Link © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

Communication and Production Most telecommunication technology relies on constructed towers to support antennas. Some production structures are not buildings. Petroleum refineries, irrigation systems, and evaporation basins. The gravity dam, rock dams, earth dams, and the buttress dam are other useful production structures. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

Review What are the two types of construction projects? Construction of buildings and of heavy engineering structures. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

Review What are some of the general types of buildings that are built? Residential, commercial, and industrial buildings. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

Review What are the seven steps involved with most construction projects? Preparing the site, setting foundations, building the framework, enclosing the structure, installing utilities, finishing the exterior and interior, and completing the site. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

Review Identify the three types of foundations. Slab foundation, spread foundation, and pile foundation. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

Review What materials can the framework of a building be made of? Wood, steel, or reinforced concrete. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

Review What materials are used to enclose the exterior walls? Plywood, fiberboard, or rigid foam sheets. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

Review What are the utility systems used in homes? Electricity, plumbing, communications, and climate control. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

Review What materials are used for siding? Wood shingles and boards, plywood, hardboard, brick, stone, aluminum, vinyl, and stucco. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

Review Besides residential, commercial, and industrial, what other buildings are there? Monuments, cultural buildings, government buildings, transportation terminals, sports arenas and exhibition centers, and agricultural centers. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

Review What three general categories are heavy engineering structures split into? Transportation, communication, and production structures. © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.