Chapter 3: Secular Music GET BOOKS TODAY Get in your presentation groups and discuss the following topic. Be prepared to present your group’s thoughts/ideas to the class at 10:35: Why was Leonardo da Vinci considered the epitome of the Renaissance Man? Would it be possible for someone today to match his achievements? Explain.

VOCAL MUSIC Secular vocal music increasingly popular –Set to poems in Italian, French, Spanish, German, Dutch, English –Printed music made performing it a leisure activity –Every educated person expected to play an instrument and read notation –Written for groups of solo voices or solo voice with accompaniment of instruments

VOCAL MUSIC Secular vocal music more popular –Text painting common –Composers imitated natural sounds like bird calls, street cries.

Vocal Music cont… Renaissance Madrigal –For several voices set to a short poem –Usually about love –Like a motet, it combines homophonic and polyphonic textures –Word painting, unusual harmonies –Originated in Italy around 1520 –Published by the thousands in 16 th. c. Italy

Vocal Music cont… –Sung by cultivated aristocrats –1588: after defeat of the Spanish Armada, a volume of translated Italian madrigals was published in London. Triggered spurt of madrigal writing by English comp. Same time as Queen Elizabeth I, Shakespeare Golden age of both English music AND literature, but originated in Italy

LISTENING TO MADRIGAL –As Vesta Was Descending (1601) Thomas Weelkes – one of the first English madrigalists –See books pg. 112

Vocal Music cont… Renaissance Ballett (Fa-La) –Simpler than madrigal, dance-like –For several solo voices –Homophonic (a contrast to most Ren. music), melody in highest voice –Same music repeated for each verse/stanza, syllables “fa-la” used as refrain –Also originated in Italy, cultivated in England

LISTENING TO BALLETT –Now Is the Month of Maying (1595) Thomas Morley –See books pg. 113

INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC Early 1500’s: inst. music was largely adapted from vocal music. Harpsichord, organ, lute Lute – plucked string instrument with body shaped like half a pear

Late 1500’s (16 th c.): more music written specifically for inst. Mostly intended for dancing (common pass time) –Everyone expected to know how, taught by professional dance masters –Popular dances: pavane or passamezzo (duple meter) Galliard (triple meter)

Instrumental Music, cont… musicians distinguished between loud, outdoor instruments like trumpet, and shawm (ancestor of oboe), and soft, indoor inst. like lute and recorder.

Other inst. of the Renaissance –Cornett – wooden, cup-shaped mouthpiece

–Sackbut – early trombone

–Viols – pretty obvious –Regals (small organ with reed pipes)

Passamezzo and Galliard from Terpsichore –Michael Praetorius ( ) –From collection of over 300 dances

–Passamezzo (or pavane) – stately dance in duple meter This recording includes bowed strings, plucked strings, woodwinds, brasses, keyboard ints., timpani. 3 sections (abc), each immediately repeated louder, with more instruments (a a’ b b’ c c’)

–Galliard – carefree dance in triple meter Same melody as our passamezzo, more upbeat Smaller ensemble: bowed strings, plucked strings, woodwinds, harpsichord 3 short sections, each ending with a cadence and brief pause, then repeated more fully (just like pavane) –But then, each section is repeated in succession at the end. –a a’ b b’ c c’ a’ b’ c’

Renaissance Pavane

VOCABULARY REVIEW Renaissance Individualism “Universal man” Humanism Realism Linear Perspective Text Painting/Word Painting Imitation Consonance/Dissonance A cappella Motet Mass –Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, Agnus Dei Josquin Desprez Imitation Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina Protestant Reformation Counter-Reformation Council of Trent Madrigal Thomas Weelkes Ballett Thomas Morley Pavane/Passamezzo Galliard Lute Cornett Sackbut Shawm Recorder Regal Michael Praetorius

UNIT III PRESENTATIONS Technology: Movable Type Printing Press, Gutenberg Bible Kalyn Julian Blake Jacob Religion: Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation Dominique Phil Alec Bilal Exploration: Columbus, da Gama, Magellan Kieryn Claire Chris Taimoor Art: da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael Emma Aaron Sami Ryan Literature: William Shakespeare Anna Andrew Nathan Nick