1. Medieval and Renaissance Music

2. MOTET LATIN WORDS A CAPPELLA (unaccompanied music) HARMONY
MODAL (not major or minor but based on one of the seven modes)
IRREGULAR METRES (follows the rhythm of the words)
MELISMA (several notes to one syllable)
POLYPHONIC (several parts sung at the same time)
Sacred hymn

5. Medieval Period Up to 1450
The earliest music we know. Much of the music was not written down.
Monophonic texture.
Use of modes (dorian, lydian, etc).
Pattern of the Latin words used as the rhythm.

6. Medieval Music
During the Medieval period most music was not written down. Composers who did write their music down usually worked for the Catholic Church.  The Church could afford to buy the materials the composers would need to write music.  People outside the Church were too poor to buy what was needed to compose music.  
Music notation appeared around the year 900, but it only showed the pitch.  It didn't tell you anything about the rhythm.  A few hundred years would pass  before the notes showed the rhythm.

7. Pope Gregory I
As music became more complicated, someone needed to make up some rules for writing down music.  That person was Pope Gregory I.
Pope Gregory l declared that music be standardized.  That means that musicians and composers had to use the same rules when writing and performing their music.   This music can still be heard today.  It is called Gregorian chant.

8. Plainchant Also known as Plainsong and Gregorian chant.
Unaccompanied melody set to words of the
Roman Catholic liturgy, such as the Mass.
Plainchants are modal and have no regular
metre. They follow the rhythm of the Latin
words. 8

10. The Renaissance Period 1400-1600

11. The Renaissance Period 1450-1600
Renaissance means rebirth. This period saw a rebirth in knowledge. Science and the arts were becoming more important.
Christopher Columbus discovered America, Michelangelo was painting the Sistine Chapel, William Shakespeare was writing plays and Leonardo da Vinci was making great advancements in art, music and science.

15. Characteristics of the Period
Polyphony – voice parts were given equal importance and share the melody.
Imitative polyphony.
A cappella singing.
Growth of instrumental, dance and secular music.
Antiphonal effects.
Development of musical harmony and use of cadences.

16. Antiphonal
Music for more than one choir/group. One side answers phrases from the other side with rich, powerful effects produced when they combine.
Originates from Venice using contrasting textures – chordal and imitation, blend and contrast.
Contrasts between groups – high and low, loud and soft dynamics, solo and groups, bright and dark timbres (tone colours)
Fills the entire space of a Cathedral and so completes man’s visual and aural depiction of Heaven on earth. 16

17. Sacred Music 17

18. Mass The Roman Catholic service of the Mass has had
A great influence on the development of music.
High mass (Missa Solemnis) has 5 passages of
Plainsong (the proper of the Mass) and 5
extended passages (the Ordinary of the
Mass)which are often set in an elaborate choral
way. The ‘Ordinary’ is the Section referred to as
the Mass in a musical sense. 18

19. Mass
Features of the Mass include Latin text and polyphonic texture, and it is usually sung a cappella. Originally used in church worship, but in later years became a large-scale work for chorus, soloists and orchestra. 19

20. 5 Main Sections of the Mass
Kyrie – Lord Have Mercy
Gloria – Glory be to God on High
Credo – I believe
Sanctus - Holy, holy (often include the Benedictus)
Agnus Dei – Lamb of God
A special setting is the Requiem (Mass
for the dead).
Think – ‘King George Cuts Sandwiches
Buttering Always.’ 20

21. Motet A sacred choral work with Latin text and
Contrapuntal (polyphonic) texture. It was
usually sung
a cappella. 21

22. Anthem
Similar to the Motet but sung in English. A Verse Anthem includes the organ and is written for soloists with sections for full choir. 22

23. Secular Music 23

24. Madrigal A non-religious work, polyphonic in style,
using imitation. Features of madrigal include
text in English, use of word painting, through-
composed music, usually sung a cappella. Listen to the
word painting in John Farmer’s Fair Phyllis:
‘Fair Phyllis I saw sitting all alone’ – sung by a solo soprano before the another three voices complete the quartet.
‘Up and down’ – the pitches give the illusion of moving ‘up and down.’
The music has an irregular metre moving
between simple and compound time.

25. Ayre
An ayre (air or song) is a madrigal which can be performed by a solo voice with lute accompaniment; by solo voice accompanied by other instruments; or with all parts sung by voices with or without accompaniment.

26. Ballett A type of madrigal in strophic form which
was originally danced to. It features a fa-
la-la refrain at the end of each verse.

27. Instruments of the Renaissance Period
Consort
of viols

28. Lute
Rebec

29. Woodwind Instruments Rackett – double reed bass instrument
Crumhorn – double reed, range of just
over an octave
Cornett – similar to a recorder but
played with a trumpet-like mouthpiece.

30. Recorders

31. Virginal
Clavichord

32. The Pavan A Renaissance court dance linked with
the Galliard. The pavan is slow and
stately with two beats in the bar.

33. Galliard A Renaissance court dance which
follows the Pavan. A galliard is quick and
lively with three beats in a bar.

34. Other Concepts... 34

35. Word Painting The music is used to describe the words.
Listen to As Vesta was from Latmos Hill by Thomas Weelkes. Listen to how word painting is achieved on the following phrases:
‘Running down amain’ – descending scales
‘Two by two’ – two voices
‘Three by three’ – three voices

36. Melisma
A melodious flourish of notes sung to a single syllable. 36

37. Texture Monophonic Homophonic Contrapuntal (polyphonic) Antiphonal
Imitation
Canon
Continuous Texture 37

38. Listen to the following excerpt and tick two boxes to describe what you hear: Monophonic Antiphonal Homophonic Strophic Gregorian Chant Credo Madrigal

39. Listen to the following excerpt and tick two boxes to describe what you hear: Ballett Antiphonal Motet Strophic Madrigal Proper Mass Through composed

40. Listen to the following excerpt and tick three boxes to describe what you hear: Kyrie Anacrusis Motet Melisma Diminution Antiphonal Augmentation

41. Listen to the following excerpt and tick three boxes to describe what you hear: Imitation Syllabic Anthem Contrapuntal Madrigal Agnus Dei Verse Anthem

42. Listen to the following excerpt and tick three boxes to describe what you hear: Ayre Consort of viols Contrapuntal Consort of recorders Modal Word painting Homophonic

43. Listen to the following excerpt and tick three boxes to describe what you hear: Ayre Madrigal Madrigal Motet Word Painting Change from simple to compound Change from time compound to simple time

44. Listen to the following excerpt and tick two boxes to describe what you hear: Antiphonal Compound time Pavan Galliard Overture Viols Ballett

45. Listen to the following excerpt and tick three boxes to describe what you hear: Trill Galliard Ballett Pavan Rebec Lute Virginal

46. Listen to the following excerpt and tick three boxes to describe what you hear: Lute Word Painting Motet Imitation Ayre Homophonic Madrigal

47. Listen to the following excerpt and tick two boxes to describe what you hear: Trill Through composed Ballett Consort Homophonic Strophic Augmentation

48. Listen to the following excerpt and tick three boxes to describe what you hear: Galliard Motet Crumhorn Contrapuntal Homophonic Consort of recorders Consort of viols

49. Listen to the following excerpt and tick three Boxes to describe what you hear: A cappella Mass Strophic Melisma Rebec Madrigal Diminution

50. Listen to the following excerpt and tick three boxes to describe what you hear: Anthem Madgrial Motet Imitation Verse Anthem Sanctus Benedictus Through Composed

51. Listen to the following excerpt and tick two boxes to describe what you hear: Viols Madrigal Homophonic Crumhorn Contrapuntal Consort of recorders

52. Prose Question 1
There are three types of madrigals, the madrigal proper, ballett and ayre. The ballett is ________ in form whereas the madrigal proper is ___________. The ballett also contains a _______ refrain. The madrigal proper has a ___________ texture. An ayre is usually __________, often by a ______.

53. Prose Question 2
The Mass is sung in ________. The texture is __________ with many voices singing in ________ of each other. The music is unaccompanied (___________). A motet is sung in _________. It features several voices singing in _________ of each other with a ___________ texture. An anthem is sung in _________ and a ________ features an accompaniment (often the organ).

54. Prose Question 3
When composing a Mass or motet, the composer often splits the choir in two or has more than one choir. He can then create a dialogue between the different voices. This creates an ____________ effect. Two important dances from the Renaissance period were the ________ and _________. The __________ is a slow dance with _______ beats in a bar. This is followed by a __________ which is _______ with ______ beats in a bar.

55. Medieval and Renaissance Music
Characteristics
Sacred Music
Medieval and Renaissance Music
Instrumental Music
Secular Music