1. Renaissance 0 Time Period: 1450 – 1600 AD 0 Composers: Giovanni da Palestrina (model composer from Italy) 0 Josquin des Pres (Netherlands) 0 Orlando di Lasso (Netherlands) 0 William Byrd (England) 0 Claudio Monteverdi (Italy) 0 John Farmer (Ireland) 0 Works: Pope Marcelli’s Mass, Fair Phyllis

2. Renaissance (Cultural Aspects) 0 Renaissance - French for “rebirth” 0 Focus on human wisdom (artistic and intellectual activity) 0 Beginning of exploration 0 Artistic developments (human form) 0 Music in society – In Court or in Church 0 Style 0 Accapella – no accompaniment 0 Polyphony 0 Cantus Firmus – ground base 0 Word Painting – (“Up to the sky” melody goes up in pitch)

3. Historical Context 0 Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, William Shakespeare 0 Music Printing: 1500s 0 Growth of many types of music 0 Rise of instrumental music 0 Protestant Reformation and Catholic Counter Reformation 0 Inspiration to many great choral works

4. Protestant Reformation 0 Martin Luther 0 Catholic Monk 0 Felt church was becoming corrupt 0 Selling of indulgences (biggest complaint) 0 Nailed his complaints to door of church (95 Thesis) 0 Church and State – Church had control of government 0 Bishops and Cardinals were in control because of their wealth, not faith 0 Etc.

5. Historical Context 0 The printing press! (Johannes Gutenberg) 0 Counter Reformation (Catholic Church) 0 Council of Trent (1543-1563): Clean Up Crew 0 Palestrina was hired to “clean up” sacred music 0 Removal of ornamentation

6. Musical Description 0 Rise of Polyphony 0 “The Golden Age of Vocal Polyphony” 0 Preferred performance was unaccompanied (a capella) 0 4 or more voice lines that are similar and equal in importance 0 Consonance: Major, happy sounding

7. Sacred Music 0 Motet – Latin, dedicated to Virgin Mary 0 Single Latin text, 3-4 voices, ornamented, sometimes based on previous text (cantus firmus) 0 Sung by professional singers (trained from childbirth) 0 Masses 0 Ordinary, Proper, Requiem 0 Council of Trent – focus on words, no secular sounds 0 Anglican Church of England – King Henry VIII (Break away from Catholic church – divorce)

8. Secular Music 0 Fixed Forms 0 ABA (Strophic) 0 Dances, pavane, galliard, rondo (ABAC), allemande 0 About love, lyrical, set with word painting 0 The Chanson (French secular music) 0 Lower voice parts played on instruments 0 Madrigal (Italian and English) 0 4-6 voices (instruments used)

9. Instruments 0 Winds: Bag pipe, crumhorn, recorder, sackbut, bladder pipe 0 Strings: Lute, dulcimer, hurdy gurdy, viol, gamba, harp 0 Percussion: Hand Drums 0 Keyboard: Harpsichord

10. Design a test question 0 Design a test question for Middle Ages 0 Tell me what category it would be: history, composer, time period, instruments, etc. 0 Write a fill in blank question (complete sentence) 0 Tell me what should be in the blank 0 Do the same for Renaissance