1. Music in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance

2. The Middle Ages (450 - 1450 A.D.) Also know as the Medieval Period Begins around the time that Roman Empire disintegrated Sharp divisions in classes: peasantry, nobility, clergy Very heavy presence of the Catholic Church Thus, large amounts of music was centered around church/faith-related aspects, although not all music was not religious

3. Sacred vs. Secular Sacred music: is music performed or composed for religious use or through religious influence. Mostly vocal, some instruments such as the organ were later added. Secular music: nonreligious music, using both voices and instruments at will.

4. Sacred Music of the Middle Ages Gregorian Chant Qualities Monophonic – one melodic line Step-wise – no large intervals Meter-less – no defined meter Modal tonality – not major or minor Alleluia: vidimus stellum – Anon.

5. Neumes

6. Sacred Music of the Middle Ages Organum – Gregorian chant + added lines Qualities: Polyphonic – more that one melodic line Step-wise Eventually became metered Modal tonality Alleluia: Nativitas – Perotin

7. Sacred Music of the Middle Ages Ars nova – ‘new art’, a style of polyphony with rhythmic notation that could divide notes into duple and triple division and allow for syncopation The mass ordinary: consists of texts regularly recited in Catholic church services Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, and Angus Dei Angus Dei, Notre Dame Mass – Machaut

8. Secular Music of the Middle Ages Bards, minstrels, jongleurs, troubadours, and trouveres Songs deal with love, nature, and great deeds Dances accompanied music (estampie) Instruments widely used Metered Estampie – Anon. Ecco la Primavera - Landini

9. The Renaissance (1450 – 1600) The ‘rebirth’ of human creativity The Catholic Church loses its control on everyday culture with the rise of Humanism and the Protestant Revolution Resurgence of Classical form (Greek & Roman) Spread of learning and literacy

11. Sacred Music of the Renaissance Motet - polyphonic setting of Latin sacred text Qualities Polyphonic Step-wise and intervallic Metered Modal and major/minor sounding Ave Maria...virgo serena - Desprez

12. Sacred Music of the Renaissance Mass - consists of texts regularly recited in Catholic church services Qualities Polyphonic Calm, ‘otherworldly’ Metered Tonality strong reflects major/minor system Pope Marcellus Mass: Kyrie - Palestrina

13. Secular Music of the Renaissance Madrigal – polyphonic musical setting of poetry Began in Italy then imitated in England Qualities Polyphonic Metered Tonality reflects major/minor system As Vesta Was Descending - Weelkes

14. Secular Music of the Renaissance Ballett (fa-la) – song genre in which a repative melody alternated with sections of fa-la-las Qualities Homophonic Fast, dance-like Now is the Month of Maying - Morely

15. Secular Music of the Reniassance Instrumental music, although still not as upheld as vocal music, became more important in the Renaissance. Instrument developments created instruments such as the recorder, lute, viols, harps, kettledrums, cornetts, sackbuts, and others Terpsichore: Passamezzo – Praetoris