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Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. SOCIAL WORK IN CANADA An Introduction Third Edition - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Chapter 10: Social Work with Women Chapter 10: Social Work with Women Social Work In Canada Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc.

Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. Social Work With Women Social Work Beginnings Equal Pay and Employment Equity Persistent Problems Sexism and Gender Equality Principles of Feminist Practice Violence Against Women Sexual Assault and Sexual Harassment What Is the Role of a Social Worker? Other Areas of Social Work Intervention Chapter 10: Social Work with Women Social Work In Canada Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc.

Social Work Beginnings Movement for greater participation of women in public life arose at the end of the 19th century. Women were typically maternal feminists Chapter 10: Social Work with Women Social Work In Canada Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc.

Social Work Beginnings There were a number of strands: Temperance movement Women’s missionary and charities Suffragette movement Chapter 10: Social Work with Women Social Work In Canada Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc.

Equal Pay and Employment Equity Many legislative changes in the post-war period fostered greater equality for women: Equal pay policies Equal employment policies Other facilitating policies Chapter 10: Social Work with Women Social Work In Canada Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc.

Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. Persistent Problems There are persistent problems for women in many areas of economic life: Poverty Part-time work Minimum wage legislation Maternity and parental leave Dependent care Free trade and globalization Pension programs Recessions Employment insurance programs Chapter 10: Social Work with Women Social Work In Canada Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc.

Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. Persistent Problems Chapter 10: Social Work with Women Social Work In Canada Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc.

Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. Persistent Problems Chapter 10: Social Work with Women Social Work In Canada Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc.

Sexism and Gender Equality How we identify as male, female, or transgendered and adhere to cultural norms of femininity and masculinity; in contrast to sex, which is biological. Chapter 10: Social Work with Women Social Work In Canada Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc.

Sexism and Gender Equality Means that women and men live in an environment that affords them equal opportunity to realize full human rights; to contribute to national, political, economic, social, and cultural development; and to benefit from the results. Chapter 10: Social Work with Women Social Work In Canada Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc.

Sexism and Gender Equality Prejudice or discrimination based on a person’s sex. It is a system of discriminatory, interrelated physical and social controls, derogatory beliefs and institutional- and societal-level policies. Chapter 10: Social Work with Women Social Work In Canada Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc.

Sexism and Gender Equality Patriarchy Literally means “rule by the father” but, in a broader sense, it has come to mean the domination of society by men. Chapter 10: Social Work with Women Social Work In Canada Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc.

Principles of Feminist Practice There are thirteen components of feminist social work practice: Validating the social context Re-valuing positions enacted by women Recognizing difference in male & female experiences Re-balancing perceptions of normality and deviance Taking an inclusive stance Paying attention to power dynamics Chapter 10: Social Work with Women Social Work In Canada Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc.

Principles of Feminist Practice Components of feminist social work practice cont’d: Recognizing how “the personal is political” Taking a deconstructive stance Taking a partnering stance Fostering inclusive scholarship Challenging reductionist models Adopting empowerment practice Countering the myth of value-free psychotherapy Chapter 10: Social Work with Women Social Work In Canada Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc.

Violence Against Women Many social workers take exception to the phrase “family violence” or “domestic violence” They believe it glosses over the fact that it is usually men who are violent against women According to Statistics Canada 2004, 7% of women experienced spousal violence in the previous 5 years Chapter 10: Social Work with Women Social Work In Canada Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc.

Sexual Assault and Sexual Harassment Any form of unwanted sexual activity including fondling, touching, and penetration, that is forced upon another person without that person’s consent. Chapter 10: Social Work with Women Social Work In Canada Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc.

Sexual Assault and Sexual Harassment Any unwanted behaviour, comment, gesture, or contact of a sexual nature that treats the person receiving it as a sexual object. Chapter 10: Social Work with Women Social Work In Canada Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc.

Sexual Assault and Sexual Harassment Acquaintance Sexual Assault Also called date rape, acquaintance sexual assault involves an assailant who is known to the victim. Forty percent of sexual assaults are this type. Chapter 10: Social Work with Women Social Work In Canada Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc.

What is the Role of a Social Worker? The role of social workers in helping abused women may include crisis intervention, support and empowerment, support group facilitation, and the provision of information. Chapter 10: Social Work with Women Social Work In Canada Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc.

What is the Role of a Social Worker? The social worker may partake in one or several of the following activities: Intervene in a crisis Facilitate an empowerment approach Listen to what the women has to say and empathetically respond Connect the woman to a support group Teach the woman how to assess the assault/homicide potential Chapter 10: Social Work with Women Social Work In Canada Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc.

What is the Role of a Social Worker? Make an appropriate referral Teach the woman how to recognize abuse, name the problem and its source, and avoid self-blame Advise the abused women of her legal rights Mobilize safety, legal, and community resources effectively Chapter 10: Social Work with Women Social Work In Canada Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc.

What is the Role of a Social Worker? Implement agency policy regarding mandated reporting and keep accurate records Use the consultative process and review one’s referrals and interventions Complete the crisis management and follow-up referral or treatment steps Provide full follow-up and counselling with the woman and her assailant Chapter 10: Social Work with Women Social Work In Canada Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc.

What is the Role of a Social Worker? Chapter 10: Social Work with Women Social Work In Canada Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc.

Other Areas of Social Work Intervention Women and poverty Mounting numbers of women with low incomes and lone-parent mothers are receiving social services across Canada. Phrase coined to capture the problem – the feminization of poverty Women and HIV/AIDS Number and percentage of women living with HIV/AIDS in increasing Chapter 10: Social Work with Women Social Work In Canada Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc.

Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. Websites Status of Women of Canada www.swc-cfc.gc.ca National Clearinghouse on Family Violence www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/ncfv-cnivf/familyviolence Canada Health Coalition www.healthcoalition.ca International Museum of Women www.imow.org Chapter 10: Social Work with Women Social Work In Canada Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc.

Questions for Discussion What social work programs today have their roots in campaigns of the early women’s movements? Chapter 10: Social Work with Women Social Work In Canada Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc.

Questions for Discussion What are some of the reasons behind why such a large proportion of part-time workers in Canada are women? Chapter 10: Social Work with Women Social Work In Canada Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc.

Questions for Discussion In what ways does sexism create barriers for women’s economic opportunity? Chapter 10: Social Work with Women Social Work In Canada Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc.

Questions for Discussion How can social workers be involved in addressing discrimination against women from a practice perspective? From a policy perspective? Chapter 10: Social Work with Women Social Work In Canada Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc.

Questions for Discussion In what ways does violence against women influence child poverty? Chapter 10: Social Work with Women Social Work In Canada Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc.