Counterinsurgency Education & Training; Achieving Balance Colonel Theodore Bale CCJ7 23 September 2010

Agenda (U) Background Requirements Challenges Identified Training Focus Areas Bottom up Approach Road to Deployment Way Ahead Questions

Background (U) (U) COMISAF/USFOR-A “Counterinsurgency (COIN) Training Guidance” dtd 10 Nov 2009 (U) SECDEF memo 24 May 2010 “Implementing COIN Training Guidance to Support Execution of the President’s Af-Pak Strategy” (U) COMISAF/USFOR-A memo “Counterinsurgency (COIN) Training Guidance” dtd 27 Jul 2010 (New) (U) Afghanistan Counterinsurgency Mission Task List Workshop, 23 Jul 2010, Fort Leavenworth, KS (U) Counterinsurgency Shura, 08-09 Aug 2010, Kabul, AFG (U) COMISAF/USFOR-A COIN Qualification Standards for Afghanistan dtd 27 Aug 2010

Requirements (U) Service directed individual tasks Unit specific Core Mission Essential Task List (C-METL) Directed Mission Essential Task List (D-METL) USCENTCOM Theater-Entry Requirements Combined Joint Operation Area (CJOA) directed pre-deployment training Present the challenge of balancing Service individual tasks, unit specific core mission essential tasks, USCENTCOM theater entry requirements, Combined Joint Operation Area – directed pre-deployment training, and Directed Mission Essential Tasks

Challenges (U) (U) Minimal level of counterinsurgency understanding and pre-deployment training (U) Counterterrorism to Counterinsurgency paradigm (U) Mindset drives the training and operations (U) Theory and practical implementation (U) The sheer number of requirements and multiple sources

Service Directed Individual Tasks (U) US Army: Warrior Tasks and Battle Drills Shoot ( 7 tasks*) Move (3 tasks) Communicate (2 Tasks) Urban Operations (2 Tasks) Fight (18 Tasks) Battle Drills (12) Warrior Tasks Shoot Qualify with individual assigned weapon Operate M240B Machine Gun Operate M249 Machine Gun Operate M2 Cal. 50 Machine Gun Employ Claymore mine and hand grenades Engage targets with weapon using a night vision sight Engage targets with weapon using an aiming light Move Determine location on ground (terrain association/map/GPS) Navigate from one point to another (dismounted) Move over, through, or around obstacles Communicate Perform voice communications (SITREP/SPOTREP/9-Line MEDEVAC) Use visual signaling techniques Urban Operations Perform movement techniques during an urban operation Engage targets during an urban operation Fight Move under direct fire React to indirect fire (dismounted & mounted) React to direct fire (dismounted & mounted) React to unexploded ordnance hazard React to man-to-man contact (combatives) React to chemical or biological attack/hazard Decontaminate yourself & individual equipment using chemical decontaminating kits Maintain weapons and equipment Select temporary fighting position Certify as a Combat Lifesaver Improvised Explosive Device (IED) defeat Assess and Respond to Threats (Escalation of Force) Understand Personnel Recovery Responsibility Maintain Situational Awareness / Every Soldier as a sensor Perform field sanitation & preventive medicine field craft Maintain Battle-Focused Physical and Mental Readiness Perform Detainee Operations at Point of Capture Perform Sniper Countermeasures Battle Drills React to contact (visual, IED, direct fire [includes RPG]) React to indirect fire React to chemical attack Break contact Dismount a vehicle React to ambush (near) React to ambush (far) Evacuate a casualty (dismounted and mounted) Establish security at a halt Checkpoint entry operations React to Vehicle Roll-Over Enter and Clear a Room

Mission-Essential Tasks General Mission-Essential Tasks C-METL / D-METL (U) Adjust when assigned a directed mission or in conjunction with commander Core Capabilities Mission-Essential Tasks Oriented on doctrinal mission Based on units enduring capabilities Addresses “what the unit was designed to do” Addresses full spectrum operations + General Mission-Essential Tasks applicable to all units in full spectrum operations Core Mission-Essential Task List Commander’s Guidance Directed Mission-Essential Tasks related to – Named operation Specific operation order, operation plan, or contingency plan Required for a directed mission Directed Mission-Essential Task List CMETL: A core capability mission-essential task is a mission-essential task approved by Headquarters, Department of the Army, that is specific to a type of unit resourced according to its authorization document and doctrine. GMETL: A general mission-essential task is a mission-essential task approved by Headquarters, Department of the Army, that all units, regardless of type, must be able to accomplish. DMETL: A list of the mission-essential tasks a unit must perform to accomplish a directed mission.

Theater Entry Requirements (U) Level 1 Anti-terrorism (AT) Training Area of Operation update Cultural aspects of host country (ies) Rules of engagement (when applicable) CBRN personal protective measures and CBRN defense survival skills as prescribed by service directives Medical threats and appropriate force health protection countermeasures Medical self-aid / buddy care as prescribed by service directives Qualify with assigned weapon(s) IAW service regulations Use of deadly force Mine and unexploded ordnance awareness training as applicable Any additional training as applicable with emphasis on individual protection and cultural education Individuals deploying to Kuwait that will train on Udairi Range will conduct Depleted Uranium Awareness Training prior to deployment

Identified Training Focus Areas (U) * Non-standard forces are a joint sourced solution for a joint capability, an in-lieu-of unit, an ad-hoc mission, or an individual augmentee staff requirement Educate COIN Fundamentals Strengthen COIN collective training tasks US & Coalition Partners review and align individual theater entry requirements CDR Certification MET-based unit pre-deployment training JOA-A directed (PDSS, CIED, MRAP roll over) Individual JOA-directed mission Non-standard* Forces “A” Code Unit Tng USCENTCOM Theater Entry Requirements (FP/AT Lvl 1, basic wpn qual, etc.) USCENTCOM required Individual Combat Skills Tng for Non-standard* Forces Service-directed (Info Assurance, SERE, MOS quals, etc.) Collective Individual & Collective Individual

“Bottom Up Approach” (U) CENTCOM Missions CDR derived HQ Tasks Conditions Standards CENTCOM JMETL USFOR-A Missions JFC derived USFOR-A RC HQ (Division, MAGTF) Missions Joint & Service Regional Cmd BCT/RCT Missions Service Unit Tasks Conditions Standards BCT/RCT PLT Missions CO BTN Missions Tasks Conditions Standards Lowest Service Unit Tasks Conditions Standards BTN Joint METs Service METs Used a “Bottom Up Approach” to strengthen COIN basic capabilities at the lowest level (district / battalion task force). - Review existing task above the BN / TF level to identify supporting non-existent UJT and service component universal tasks. Focus of CJOA-A COIN Mission Essential Tasks

Road to Deployment (U) Unit Core Mission Essential Tasks MONTHS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Unit Core Mission Essential Tasks Unit Directed Mission Essential Tasks Service Specific Individual Requirements CENTCOM Theater Entry Training Requirements CJOA Directed Pre-deployment Training CDR Certification MET-based unit pre-deployment training JOA-A directed (PDSS, CIED, MRAP roll over) Individual JOA-directed mission Non-standard* Forces “A” Code Unit Tng USCENTCOM Theater Entry Requirements (FP/AT Lvl 1, basic wpn qual, etc.) USCENTCOM required Individual Combat Skills Tng for Non-standard* Forces Service-directed (Info Assurance, SERE, MOS quals, etc.) Collective Individual & Collective Individual

COIN Qualification Standards for CJOA-A (U) Receive Individual Afghan Specific COIN Education Understand the Operational Environment (OE) Conduct Relief in Place (RIP) Conduct Decentralized Operations Partner with Afghan National Security Forces (ANSF) Conduct Information Operations (IO) Create Conditions for Stability Conduct Detainee Operations Develop a Learning Organization

Way Ahead 2010 August September October Service-directed Collective CDR Certification MET-based unit pre-deployment training JOA-A directed (PDSS, CIED, MRAP roll over) Individual JOA-directed mission Non-standard* Forces “A” Code Unit Tng USCENTCOM Theater Entry Requirements (FP/AT Lvl 1, basic wpn qual, etc.) USCENTCOM required Individual Combat Skills Tng for Non-standard* Forces Service-directed (Info Assurance, SERE, MOS quals, etc.) Collective Individual & Collective Individual USCENTCOM OPORD 05-02 (ANNEX T; 16 JUN 08) USFOR-A FRAGO 10-121 Other Directives / Recommendations 2010 August September October 17 SEP 10 CENTCOM J7 Publishes All Known Pre-Deployment Training Requirements for POC Review 12 – 15 OCT 10 Conduct Pre-Deployment Training Workshop with POCs (Qatar) 31 AUG 10 Identify Directorate / Staff Section / Component Point of Contacts CENTCOM MARCENT ARCENT AFCENT USF-I NAVCENT USFOR-A ODRP SOCCENT Endstate Publish CENTCOM Single Source Pre-Deployment Training Requirements for CENTCOM AOR

Summary (U) (U) Taking a tiered approach from individual to collective (U) Educate the force, then reinforce through application during pre-deployment training (U) Ties SECDEF guidance to COM ISAF guidance (U) Articulates (highlights) the most contentious or most pressing

QUESTIONS?

COIN Guidance to Priority Task Matrix