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United States Army Combined Arms Center
Doctrine 2015 As of: This briefing is: UNCLASSIFIED
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Doctrine 2015 Overview Tactics and Procedures Fundamental principles
UNCLASSIFIED ADP 3-0 Unified Land Operations ADP 6-22 Army Leadership ADP 7-0 Training Units and Developing Leavers ADP 1-02 Operational Terms and Military Symbols ADP 3-07 Stability ADP 3-28 Defense Support of Civil Authorities ADP 3-90 Offense And Defense Army Doctrine Publications (ADP) [15 ADPs] ADP 2-0 Intelligence ADP 3-05 Special Operations ADP 3-09 Fires ADP 3-37 Protection ADP 4-0 Sustainment ADP 5-0 The Operations Process ADP 6-22 Army Leadership ADP 6-0 Mission Command Fundamental principles ADRP 3-0 Unified Land Operations ADRP 6-22 Army Leadership ADRP 7-0 Training Units and Developing Leavers ADRP 1-02 Operational Terms and Military Symbols ADRP 3-07 Stability ADRP 3-28 Defense Support of Civil Authorities ADRP 3-90 Offense And Defense Army Doctrine Reference Publications (ADRP) [1 per ADP] Detailed information on fundamentals ADRP 2-0 Intelligence ADRP 3-05 Special Operations ADRP 3-09 Fires ADRP 3-37 Protection ADRP 4-0 Sustainment ADRP 5-0 The Operations Process ADP 6-22 Army Leadership ADRP 6-0 Mission Command Field Manuals (FM) Field Manual Field Manual Field Manual Field Manual Field Manual Field Manual [50 FMs] This shows the overall structure of Doctrine Prior to this our doctrine was primarily captured in only Field Manuals, and we had about 550 FMs before Doctrine 2015 went into effect.. Doctrine 2015 takes separates the four major categories of doctrine -- Principles, Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures -- with each category having its own manual, or part of a manual. This is a true hierarchy, in that those manuals at the top drive those below them. If there is a conflict, the higher level manual is authoritative. These manuals also go from general (ADP) down to specific (ATP), with each level getting more and more detailed. This breakout was done to facilitate updating information more rapidly. The lower levels are the ones that change the fastest. By breaking them out into separate manuals we can update these more rapidly without having to change the whole body of information on a specific subject. This breakout makes it easier to access and understand what each member of the profession is responsible for in doctrine. At the top, the ADP represent the information every professional should be conversant with. As you go down the hierarchy, each level represents a more specialized body of knowledge. What an individual needs to know is based on his or her branch, grade, and assignment. 27 of the 30 ADP and ADRPs were completed by 31 August ADP 1, he Army), is till under development with the CSA, ADRP 1, The Profession of Arms is a new manual entirely and is about to be staffed, and ADRP 3-28, DSCA was delayed due to national policy level changes. All FMs will be compete on 31 December 2013 an all ATPs completed by 31 December 2015. Tactics and Procedures Army Techniques Pubs (ATP) Techniques Techniques Techniques Techniques Techniques Techniques Authenticated version on APD Input through wiki version APD Website: MilWiki Website: 2
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Foundation of Doctrine Warfighting Functions
UNCLASSIFIED ARMY DOCTRINE 2015 ADP 6-22 Army Leadership ADP 3-0 Unified Land Operations Foundation of Doctrine ADP 7-0 Training Units and Developing Leavers ADP 3-90 Offense And Defense ADP 3-07 Stability ADP 3-28 Defense Support of Civil Authorities ADP 5-0 The Operations Process ADP 1-02 Operational Terms and Military Symbols Decisive Action The top tier of Doctrine 2015 clearly defines the essential information, the true fundamental principles, that guide the employment of forces. Captured this information in a small number of Army Doctrine Publications (ADP), each about pages in a 9x6 format, focused on the major subjects that guide the force At the top is The Army – ADP 1 – the role of the Army in society. Below that we have the three ADPs that lay out the basis of what we what we do as an Army; leadership, operations, and training. Next we have the foundations of Decisive Action – offense, defense (ADP 3-90), stability(ADP 3-07), and DSCA (ADP 3-28). The operations process (ADP 5-0) provides the primary integrating process to plan, prepare and execute and assess operations. ADP 1-02 Operational Terms and Military Symbols provide a common language and graphics. These define the essential components of how we conduct operations. Finally, we have the warfighting functions. We use the warfighting functions as an intellectual framework for grouping like tasks. There is no dedicated ADP for movement and maneuver as ADP 3-90, Offense and Defense fills this role. Note that we have added SOF here. Not a warfighting function, but a recognition that we must incorporate SOF into everything we do. I’ll touch briefly on the top four manuals shown here. Warfighting Functions ADP 6-22 Army Leadership ADP 6-0 Mission Command Movement and Maneuver Covered by ADP 3-90 ADP 3-09 Fires Warfighting Functions + Special Operations ADP 2-0 Intelligence ADP 4-0 Sustainment ADP 3-37 Protection ADP 3-05 Special Operations + 3
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Enabling Competencies
ADP 1 – The Army UNCLASSIFIED The Army’s Roles The Army’s Mission - Fight and win the Nation’s wars through prompt and sustained land combat, as part of the joint force Our Profession Prevent Shape Win Trust Military Expertise Esprit de Corps Honorable Service Stewardship Military & civilian professionals Core Competencies Combined arms maneuver Wide area security Enabling Competencies Our Continuing Duty Security cooperation Force Tailoring Entry operations Mission command Support joint & Army forces DSCA Mobilize & integrate the Reserve Components Win the current fight Develop the Future Army Maintain reserve readiness All-volunteer force Develop future leaders Strengthen the profession Soldiers for life ADP 1, The Army, is the CSA’s manual. This is a total rewrite of FM 1, last published in ADP 1 is unique. It is longer and written in a different style than any other ADP. Soldiers and Army Civilians are the primary audience, but it informs external audiences. It has no charts; but many photographs. The ADRP for it is ADRP 1, The Army Profession. ADRP 1 will focus exclusively, and expand upon, the profession chapter in the ADP. ADRP will be published approximately 3 months after ADP 1 ADP 1, The Army, has four chapters. The first, “Our Service,” discusses the Army’s roles (prevent, shape, and win), landpower, and mission. The Army mission is revised from that shown currently on the Army web page. Chapter 2, “Our Profession”, describes our profession, one built on trust, with the professional characteristics shown. “The Army and the Joint Force” (Chapter 3) lists the 10 primary joint missions. It restates the core competencies and introduces the Army enabling competencies that are vital to our mission and the joint force. Throughout the chapter stresses joint interdependence. The last chapter, “Our Continuing Duty” discusses where the Army, as a Service, is going and why. Two appendixes complete the ADP. Appendix A, “Our Organization,” discusses the broad organization of the Army: Regular, National Guard, and Reserve; the Army Civilian Corps, Operating forces and Generating force. Appendix B, “The Campaigns of the Army,” lists the 183 campaign and battle streamers that decorate the Army flag. [Note: ADP 1 is 72 pages, including cover and back material. The four chapters that make up the body of the book have a total of 36 pages, including photographs.] The Army is Landpower 4
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The 19th edition of the Army’s capstone operational doctrine
1905 UNCLASSIFIED 1910 1913 1914 1923 1939 1941 1944 The 19th edition of the Army’s capstone operational doctrine 1949 1954 1962 1968 1976 1982 1986 1993 2001 ADP and ADRP 3-0 are the 19th edition of the Army’s capstone operational doctrine. They captures lessons learned from the past 10 years of war, but also goes back and captures some of the time proven ideas that informed past operations manuals, specifically parts of AirLand Battle. ADP/ADRP 3-0, Unified Land Operations is revision of the Army’s operational concept, updating Full Spectrum Operations based on recent experience. 2008 2011 Reasons for Change Significant recent operational experience Evolving policy and doctrine Joint and Army transformation : Field Service Regulations : FM 100-5, Operations : FM 3-0, Operations : ADP/ADRP 3-0, Unified Land Operations 5
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UNCLASSIFIED This is the logic chart for ADP 3-0. Each of the ADPs, except 1-02, has a logic chart that lays out graphically the key components covered in the ADP. The central idea of Unified Land Operations is simple. Within uncertain and changing operational environments and for any type of operations, Army units seize, retain, and exploit the initiative to gain and maintain a position of relative advantage in sustained land operations through simultaneous offensive, defensive, and stability operations in order to prevent or deter conflict, prevail in war, and create the conditions for favorable conflict resolution.. Unified Land Operations are executed through Decisive Action, by means of Army Core Competencies, and guided by Mission Command. Decisive Action is the continuous, simultaneous combinations of offensive, defensive, and stability or defense support of civil authorities tasks. Combined Arms Maneuver and Wide Area Security are the Army’s Core Competencies. They represent the Army’s unique contribution to the joint force commander. The tenets of ULO describe the Army’s approach to generating and applying combat power in operations, and are one carryover from AirLand Battle (although somewhat modified. Operational art is no longer solely associated with the operational level of war. Operational art can be applicable to all levels of war. Not all elements are always applicable, but they can, and should, be used to help commanders at all echelons sequence battles and engagements to accomplish operationally significant objectives. The operations process provides a construct for planning, preparing , executing and assessing operations. The only significant change from previous doctrine is that “Design” is now the “Army Design Methodology” and is formally part of the planning activity of the operations process. The three operational frameworks provide a different way to arrange forces in terms of time, space and purpose. They provide a menu of options that can be adapted to almost any situation. They can be used separately, or in combination. The Deep-Close-Security framework is a modified version of that used in AIrLand Battle. Warfighting functions provide the intellectual organization for common tasks. 6
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Mission Command Warfighting Function
UNCLASSIFIED Mission Command Exercise of authority and direction by the commander using mission orders to enable disciplined initiative within the commander’s intent to empower agile and adaptive leaders in the conduct of unified land operations. Mission Command Warfighting Function The related tasks and systems that develop and integrate those activities enabling a commander to balance the art of command and the science of control in order to integrate the other warfighting functions. Guides The principles of mission command assist commanders and staff in balancing the Art of Command with the Science of Control Build cohesive teams through mutual trust - Exercise disciplined initiative Create shared understanding - Use mission orders - Provide a clear commander's intent - Accept prudent risk As a warfighting function, mission command consists of the related tasks and a mission command system that support the exercise of authority and direction by the commander. Commander Tasks: Drive the operations process through the activities of understand, visualize, describe, direct, lead and assess Develop teams, both within their own organizations and with unified action partners Inform and influence audiences, inside and outside their organizations Staff Tasks: Conduct the operations process (plan, prepare, execute, assess) Conduct knowledge management and information management Conduct inform and influence activities Conduct cyber electromagnetic activities Leads Supports While mission command was introduced in the 2011 Change 1 to FM 3-0, I’ve included it here because of the central role it plays in our doctrine and our approach to the conduct of operations. It is till a relatively new concept as shown above. Mission command is both a philosophy of command and a warfighting function as defined in the top right block. As a philosophy, mission command is the exercise of authority and direction by the commander using mission orders to enable disciplined initiative within the commander’s intent to empower agile and adaptive leaders in the conduct of unified land operations. This chart shows the principles, the various tasks, and the other components of mission command and how they relate to each other. Mission command blends the art of command and the science of control while integrating the warfighting functions to accomplish decisive action. The details of mission command are explained in ADP/ADRP 6-0, Mission Command. Mission command also changes some Army terminology signficantly. Mission command replaces the term Command and Control (C2), and battle command is rescinded as an Army term. It was the second most misused term in the lexicon and usually used as a synonym for command and control. There is no replacement for battle command. The mission command system enables the exercise of authority and direction by the commander. Mission Command System: - Personnel - Processes and Procedures Networks - Facilities and Equipment Information Systems Together mission command and the mission command warfighting function guides, integrates, and synchronizes Army forces throughout the conduct of unified land operations. 7
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ADP/ADRP 6-22 Army Leadership
UNCLASSIFIED ADP and ADRP 6-22 are minor updates to the 2006 version of FM Major changes to the manual include: An update to the Leadership Requirements Model to incorporate ideas from the Army Profession campaign Expanding discussion in several key areas based on lessons learned from the past 10 years. The Leader Requirements Model elevated “builds trust” as a leader competency and it updates the discussion on building trust to align with ADP/ADRP 6-0. An expanded discussion on overcoming resistance includes unified action partners There is an expanded discussion on negotiations in order to obtain the cooperation and support necessary to accomplish a mission beyond the traditional chain of command. It expands the discussion of strategic leadership to include: Balancing strategic risk Delegation, empowerment & control Strategic judgment & time horizon Extending influence to the American people Stewardship and leader development Minor update to 2006 version Clarifications to the Leadership Requirements model to reinforce mission command and Army profession Expanded discussion of Positive, effective leadership contrasted with negative, toxic leadership Overcoming resistance Negotiations Building trust Strategic leadership 8
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Training Units and Developing Leaders
ADP/ADRP 7-0 Training Units and Developing Leaders UNCLASSIFIED Overview Concepts How-To Doctrine Unit Training Management on the Army Training Network (ATN) It’s important to understand the relationship between the ADP, ADRP and Unit Training Management (UTM) on ATN. Both the the ADP and ADRP represent the doctrinal foundations of ‘what’ Army training and leader development is. Unit Traiing Mamagementon ATN represents the ‘how-to’ details of those processes. UTM is written by the same authors of the ADP and ADRP. In the past few years, the Army has developed several key, web-based tools that are now integral to the training management processes – like the Digital Training Management Processes (DTMS), the Combined Arms Training Strategies (CATS) and the HQ DA Standardized METLs. To ensure that these web-based tools are current and accurately representative of the doctrine – they are updated and improved continuously. That’s why UTM is not doctrine – to remain flexible and adaptable with the tools, but fully representative of the doctrine. Train leaders to train achieve “training overmatch” and return to commander-centric training Army’s Operations & Training Management Processes are the same: plan, prepare, execute and assess Integrate leader development objectives into training objectives using Training Management Process Brigade & above METLs are standardized, but commanders choose supporting tasks to train Web-based tools (ATN/CATS/DTMS) enable training management 9
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Doctrine 2015 Implementation
UNCLASSIFIED HQDA / TRADOC / CAC Key audiences informed: internal/ external STRATCOM (Themes & Messages) Media Engagements Professional Articles Engagements AUSA CSA Box Sets Warfighter Forums Road Shows Self Development TRADOC / CAC Leaders know and understand doctrine Education Schools Interactive Media Conferences LDP’s GO Courses Testing & Certification Self Development D xlines of effort: STRATCOM, Education, and Training. Execution: Three LOE construct a comprehensive approach to inform Soldiers on doctrinal changes and enables a more responsive Force. The Training LOE, main effort. Combined Arms Doctrine Directorate continues to conduct education events to assist with inculcating doctrine 2015 to the force. CAC will focus efforts at the CTC rotations, WFXs, and the use of chain teaches to assist unit commanders in developing training guidance within the confines of D-2015. The Education LOE, supporting effort. It encompasses all cohorts and focuses efforts within the PME schools to educate Soldiers on doctrine, making them well versed and prepared to be practitioners as they return to the force. Concurrently, CAC educates leaders attending PCC, selected conferences, LDPs, General Officer Courses and uses interactive media to ensure widest dissemination of doctrine. Additionally, we will provide Box Sets to all senior leaders and CSMs on Doctrine 2015. The STRATCOM LOE, supporting effort. It focuses initial execution at the AUSA conference and then provides announcements on several other forms of media to ensure the widest audience to include: Army personnel, senior leaders, inter service, inter agency, congressional leaders, defense media, and industry. A sustained effort ensures relevant communities maintain awareness of future document releases. FORSCOM / ASCCs / Corps, DIVs, & BCTs Leaders and units use current doctrine in training and operations Training CDR’s in Units CTC’s Chain Teach Training Guidance WFX’s Doctrine Stand-down Self Development Assessment Assessment 10
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