Europeans Claim Muslim Lands Ch.11 sec 3

I. Ottoman Empire Loses Power A. Reforms Fail 1. Corruption, theft, and inflation are the beginning stages for the end of the empire 2. Selim III was overthrown for trying to modernize the military thus ending reform movements

I. Ottoman Empire Loses Power A. Reforms Fail 3. In 1830 Greece and Serbia overthrow Ottoman rule; rise of nationalism

II. Europeans Grab Territory A. Geopolitics 1. Geopolitics- an interest in or taking land for its strategic location or products 2. This philosophy played an important role in ending the Ottoman Empire

A. Geopolitics 3. Ottoman Empire controlled warm water ports that were important to countries like Russia; Oil was discovered in Persia around 1900

B. Russia and the Crimean War 1. In 1853 war breaks out again between the Russians and the Ottomans called the Crimean War- after a peninsula in the Black Sea 2. Britain and France helped the Ottomans defeat the Russians to prevent the Russians from gaining Ottoman lands and additional power

B. Russia and the Crimean War 3. Even though they won the war they lost lands to revolts in Romania, Montenegro, Cyprus, Bosnia…

C. The Great Game 1. Great Britain and Russia engaged in a geopolitical struggle over Muslim lands in Central Asia; primarily in Afghanistan 2. The “Great Game” was waged over India because Russia wanted India’s resources but Britain defended its colony; it ended in a stalemate

III. Egypt Initiates Reforms A. Military Economic Reforms 1. With the Ottoman Empire coming to an end Muslim leaders lin Egypt realized that they needed to make political and social reforms

III. Egypt Initiates Reforms A. Military Economic Reforms 2. Muhammad Ali (Egypt) broke away from Ottoman rule, obtained new lands (Syria & Arabia). Not this Muhammad Ali!

III. Egypt Initiates Reforms A. Military Economic Reforms 3. Changed Egyptian Agriculture from food crops to cash crops (cotton); This hurt the peasants because they no longer grew food crops for consumption

III. Egypt Initiates Reforms B. Suez Canal 1. Suez Canal-connected the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea(1869); Isma’il Pasha’s Idea

III. Egypt Initiates Reforms B. Suez Canal 2. French investors financed most of it and Britain took control in 1882