Bellwork Turn to page 268 in your textbook “Step Into The Place” – per instructions read the Primary Source and answer the question “Step Into the Time” - per instructions choose a EUROPEAN event from the timeline and make YOUR prediction in paragraph form.

Today's Agenda Bellwork Announcements Questions Bellwork Review Lecture

World Wars Students analyze the causes and course of the First World War, along with the long-term military, economic, and political effects. Students describe the various causes and consequences of the global depression of the 1930s, and analyze how governments responded to the Great Depression. Students analyze the rise of fascism and totalitarianism after World War I. Students analyze the causes and course of World War II, along with the long-term military, economic, and political effects of the World War II

Our Standard W.23 Evaluate primary source documents while analyzing the role of political and economic rivalries, ethnic and ideological conflicts, domestic discontent, disorder, propaganda, and nationalism in mobilizing the civilian population in leading to the outbreak of World War I. (C, E, P)

M ilitarism A lliances I mperialism N ationalism

Militarism As the world entered the 20th century, an arms race had begun. By 1914, Germany had the greatest increase in military buildup. Great Britain and Germany both greatly increased their navies in this time period. Further, in Germany and Russia particularly, the military establishment began to have a greater influence on public policy. This increase in militarism helped push the countries involved to war.

Alliances Over time, countries throughout Europe made mutual defense agreements that would pull them into battle. Thus, if one country was attacked, allied countries were bound to defend them. Before World War I, the following alliances existed: Russia and Serbia Germany and Austria-Hungary France and Russia Britain and France and Belgium Japan and Britain Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, Russia got involved to defend Serbia. Germany seeing Russia mobilizing, declared war on Russia. France was then drawn in against Germany and Austria- Hungary. Germany attacked France through Belgium pulling Britain into war. Then Japan entered the war. Later, Italy and the United States would enter on the side of the allies.

Imperialism Before World War 1, Africa and parts of Asia were points of contention amongst the European countries. This was especially true because of the raw materials these areas could provide. The increasing competition and desire for greater empires led to an increase in confrontation that helped push the world into World War I.

Nationalism Much of the origin of the war was based on the desire of the Slavic peoples in Bosnia and Herzegovina to no longer be part of Austria Hungary but instead be part of Serbia. In this way, nationalism led directly to the War. But in a more general way, the nationalism of the various countries throughout Europe contributed not only to the beginning but the extension of the war in Europe. Each country tried to prove their dominance and power.

Immediate Cause: Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand The immediate cause of World War I that made the aforementioned items come into play (alliances, imperialism, militarism, nationalism) was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary. In June 1914, a Serbian nationalist assassinated him and his wife while they were in Sarajevo, Bosnia which was part of Austria-Hungary. This was in protest to Austria-Hungary having control of this region. Serbia wanted to take over Bosnia and Herzegovina. This assassination led to Austria- Hungary declaring war on Serbia. When Russia began to mobilize due to its alliance with Serbia, Germany declared war on Russia. Thus began the expansion of the war to include all those involved in the mutual defense alliances.

Maps world-war-i-maps

The Threat of War was building war-i/world-war-i- history/videos/causes-of-world-war-i

War is literally brewing h?v=n7kp3vf1uKA h?v=gjlGoe1mnw0

Austria-Hungary and Serbia Austria-Hungary and Serbia hated each other. In 1876 Serbia went to war with Turkey and conquered Bosnia, and area of the Balkans where many Serbs lived. HOWEVER, at the Congress of Berlin, two years later, Austria-Hungary persuaded the great powers to give back Bosnia to Turkey, under Austria's 'protection'.

In 1878 the Treaty of San Stefano was signed and Serbia was declared an independent state. In 1906 came The Pig War: Austria-Hungary dominated the Balkans economically. To try to reduce its dependence on Austria-Hungary, Serbia began to build trade links with France (1904) and Bulgaria (1905). Austria-Hungary reacted by banning all imports of Serbia pork (so the quarrel was called 'the Pig War'), and Serbia responded by selling its pork to France - it sent it through Bosnia to the Adriatic, and then by sea to France.

1908 The Bosnia Crisis: Austria- Hungary annexed Bosnia. The Serbs were furious, not just because Serbs lived there, nor even because they had hoped to conquer Bosnia themselves, but also because Austria stopped Serbian pork going through Bosnia. Serbia appealed to Russia, but Nicholas would not go to war with Austria, and Serbia was forced to recognize Austria's right to Bosnia.

The Balkans atwar/maps/

The Balkan Wars: In 1912 Serbia, Greece and Bulgaria (calling themselves the Balkan League) attacked Turkey and all but drove the Turks out of Europe. Next year, Bulgaria attacked Serbia, but was defeated, leaving Serbia as the leading Slavic power in the Balkans. Pasic, the Serbian prime Minister, declared: 'the first round is won. Now for the second round - against Austria.‘ After the Balkan Wars the Austrians told the Italian government that they were going to invade Serbia.

Why Sarevo? atwar/maps/

The Ultimatum: Franz Ferdinand was assassinated by Bosnians - inhabitants of the Austro-Hungarian Empire - so the Austrian government (strangely) judged that it did not have justification to attack Serbia straight away. Instead, it sent an ultimatum to the Serbs on the grounds that it had not kept its promise of 1909 to suppress the Black Hand.

The terms of the Ultimatum: 1. Stop all publications attacking Austria, 2. Suppress the Black Hand and all other anti-Austrian terrorist groups, 3. Stop schools teaching anything that would make pupils hate Austria, 4. Dismiss any civil servants or army officers who were anti- Austrian, 5. help the Austria government suppress all anti-Austrian terrorist groups, 6. Allow Austrian police to help in an investigation of Serbia's links to Franz Ferdinand's assassination, 7. Arrest two officials who were believed to have helped plan the assassination, 8. Stop Serbs smuggling weapons from Serbia into Bosnia, 9. Stop criticizing Austria, 10. Accept all the above points without delay. The Ultimatum was extreme on purpose - the Austrians hoped that the Serbs would reject it, giving them the excuse to invade.

July 23, day-in-history/austria- hungary-issues- ultimatum-to-serbia

Russia won’t back down… “On receipt of the ultimatum, Serbia at once appealed to Russia, whose council of ministers met on July 24 to determine a course of action. Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Sazonov voiced his belief that Germany was using the crisis over the archduke's death as a pretext for starting a preventive war to defend its interests in the region. Defying Austro-German expectations that Russia would back down in the case of such a conflict, the council agreed to order four military districts to prepare for mobilization.”

War Begins July 28, world-war-1/the-beginning-of-war- 5857ABF0.aspx

“Serbia agrees to most things…” Meanwhile, in Belgrade on the afternoon of July 25, convinced that Austria-Hungary was preparing for a fight, Serbian Prime Minister Nicola Pasic ordered the Serbian army to mobilize. Pasic himself delivered the Serbian answer to the ultimatum to Gieslingen at the Austrian embassy, just before the 6 p.m. deadline. Serbia's response effectively accepted all terms of the ultimatum but one: it would not accept Austria-Hungary's participation in any internal inquiry, stating that this would be a violation of the Constitution and of the law of criminal procedure. This response did much to appeal Pasic and his country to international observers of the conflict; to Vienna, however, it made little difference. Gieslingen, bags packed and car waiting to drive him to the railroad station, broke the Dual Monarchy's diplomatic relations with Serbia and left to catch his train. Three days later, on July 28, 1914, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, beginning the First World War.

Propaganda prop·a·gan·da Noun Derogatory information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. one/articles/propaganda-as-a- weapon

Our Standard W.23 Evaluate primary source documents while analyzing the role of political and economic rivalries, ethnic and ideological conflicts, domestic discontent, disorder, propaganda, and nationalism in mobilizing the civilian population in leading to the outbreak of World War I. (C, E, P)

Assessment Who made up the Triple Alliance?

Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy

Assessment Who made up the Triple Entente?

Triple Entente: Great Britain, France and Russia

Assessment What was the Black Hand?

Black Hand: Serbian nationalist/terrorist group responsible for the assassination of Austrian heir Archduke Franz Ferdinand which resulted in the start of World War I

Assessment What does MAIN stand for?

MAIN: Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism

Assessment Why were Serbian nationalists upset with Austria Hungary?

Serbians were angry with Austria-Hungary’s annexation of Bosnia