Presented by: Michelle Aguilar, Marissa Aguilera & Jacqueline Romo Period#8

What is it?  Laryngitis is a lower respiratory infection that creates minor inflammation of the larynx and the surrounding tissues  Epiglottitis is a lower respiratory infection which causes inflammation on the small cartilage which covers you windpipe, blocking airflow into lungs.

Etiology LaryngitisEpiglottitis  Causative agents: rhinoviruses.  Gram negative  Common causes are the common cold & the flu.  You can also get it from the overuse of your voice, irritation from allergies, or if the vocal cords become infected and swell.  Causative agents: Haemophilus influenza (Hib) and streptococci  Gram negative  Causes are bacterial infection strains such as streptococcus, pneumococcus, staphylococcus and klebsiella. Epiglottitis Gram Stain

Epidemiology Laryngitis Epiglottitis  It is most common amongst males and any age between years of age.  It is most common in the early spring  Commonly seen amongst 2-7 year olds, particularly the males.  May get it at any age  Not very common in the U.S.  There is 1 case per 100,000 people per year.

Mode of Transmission Laryngitis Epiglottitis  Laryngitis itself is not transmitted, but the viruses that often cause laryngitis can be passed from person to person or by aerosol droplets.  Spreads through inflected water droplets that are coughed or sneezed into the air.

Symptoms Laryngitis Epiglottitis  Symptoms of laryngitis include:  hoarseness  dry or sore throat  coughing  trouble swallowing  Symptoms of epiglottitis include:  sore throat  hoarseness  high fever  trouble swallowing  shortness of breath  wheezing  drooling

Diagnostic Tests Laryngitis Epiglottitis  The diagnosis is made at doctors office by examination. This brief examination will include looking for lumps and inflammation in the throat.  Diagnosis includes several tests such as  Throat examinations  chest or neck x-ray  throat culture and blood tests  pulse oximeter

Treatment for Laryngitis  Acute laryngitis gets better on its own within in about a week  For chronic laryngitis, it targets the underlying cause like heartburn, smoking, or excessive use of alcohol.  Medication such as antibiotics or corticosteroids are commonly used.  Antibiotics wont help because laryngitis is viral not bacterial.  Corticosteroids help reduce inflammation & are used inly when there’s an urgent need to treat laryngitis (like to sing, give a speech)  A couple of home remedies include  Breathe moist air  Rest your voice  Drink lots of fluids  Moisten your throat  Avoid decongestants Normal Vocal Cords Acute Laryngitis

Treatment for Epiglottitis  1 st make sure you can breathe  Wearing a mask  Breathing tube in the windpipe through the mouth/nose  Inserting a needle into the trachea  Treating the infection involves intravenous antibiotics after you get enough air  Broad-spectrum antibiotics for quick treatment rather than waiting for blood results  More targeted antibiotics depending the cause for the epiglottitis.

Prevention Laryngitis Epiglottitis  Prevent dryness or irritation of vocal cords  Don’t smoke  Limit alcohol & caffeine  Drink lots of water  Avoid clearing your throat  Does more harm by causing abnormal vibration of vocal cords & swelling  Avoid upper respiratory infection with good hygiene  Hib vaccine (Haemophilus influenza) is the effective way to prevent epiglottitis  Received in 3-4 doses (2months, 4m, 6m[if given in 4 doses] and 12-15months.  CDC recommend vaccinate people whose immune systems are weakened by HIV/AIDS, chemotherapy, spleen removed, & sickle cell disease.  Don’t share personal items  Wash hands

Video  Laryngitis   Epiglottitis 

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