American Demography & Immigration Nascent Immigration The Slave Trade South Southwest Old Immigration New Immigration Newest Immigration Current Immigration

Some Basic Concepts What is the nature of inter-group relations in multiethnic societies? How are the various ethnic groups ranked and what are consequences of that ranking system? How does the dominant group maintain its place and how do subordinate groups attempt to change that? What are the long-range outcomes of ethnic inter-relations? 4 Key Questions

Some Basic Concepts Unique cultural Traits Sense of Community Ethnocentrism Ascribed Membership Territoriality Ethnic Groups

Some Basic Concepts As a Biological Notion As a Social Construct In the Ideology of Racism Race

Ethnic Stratification Minority Groups Differential Treatment Social Definition Differential Power Categorical Nature Sociological and Numerical Meanings Dominant Groups Political, Economic, and Cultural Dominance Political, Economic, and Cultural Dominance Middleman Minorities

Ethnic Stratification Conquest Annexation Voluntary Immigration Involuntary Immigration Forms of Contact

Prejudice and Discrimination Prejudice Stereotypes Social Distance Discrimination Individual Institutional Structural

Assimilation and Pluralism Manner of Entrance Time of Entrance Demographic Factors Cultural Similarity Visibility Factors Affecting Assimilation

Assimilation and Pluralism Cultural Assimilation Structural Assimilation Biological Assimilation Psychological Assimilation Assimilation

Assimilation and Pluralism Equalitarian Pluralism American Case Non-American Cases Inequalitarian Pluralism Competitive Race Relations Internal Colonialism Annihilation or Expulsion Types of Pluralism

Colonial Societies Corporate Pluralistic Societies Assimilationist Societies Typology of Multiethnic Societies See Figure 4.1 and Table 4.2

Historical Context Manner of Entry and Racial Status Development Mexican-Americans conquest/annexation voluntary immigration-economic push-pull Puerto Ricans voluntary immigration- - economic push-pull and relative political ease Cubans involuntary immigration-early political push voluntary immigration-economic push-pull

Demographics Today Population-young, rapidly growing, continuing migration and high birth rate Geography Mexican-Americans-Southwest and dispersed Puerto Ricans-New York + Cubans-Miami, Florida + Others-the same major metropolitan areas

Socioeconomic Status Income and Wealth Occupation Education Special Cuban Case- institutional completeness Outlook

Political Power Mexican-Americans increasingly influential Puerto Ricans limited extent Cubans dominant force Outlook

Demography Today Population-13% of America Diversity-involuntary and voluntary immigrants Geographical Patterns-urban Economic Status Occupation-5.2 unemployment vs 10.8 Education-89 vs 80 and 30 vs 17 Class or Race? Societal Power Political Power-mixed and very local Economic Power-less than political

Prejudice and Discrimination Formation of Ghettos-own preference or discrimination? Residential Segregation-dominative vs aversive? Changes in Racial Attitudes-surveys Stereotypes and Social Distance-racial liberalism Attitudes and Actions-ambivalence in action Contrasting Views of Socioeconomic Gap-own shortcomings or discrimination? of Problems and Solutions-mopping up or deeply rooted?

Assimilation or Pluralism Assimilation Cultural-reciprocal Structural-secondary only Assimilation Model-very slow, unstable family? Assimilation and Visibility Inequalitarian Pluralistic Model -internal colonial model

Immigration and Settlement First Wave Chinese Japanese Second Wave Koreans Filipinos Vietnamese Asian Indians Others  Demographics Today

In the Class System Socioeconomic Status Income Occupation Education Ethnic and Class Factors in Upward Mobility Political Power

Prejudice and Discrimination The ‘Yellow Peril’ Japanese Internment In the Modern Era vs other Minorities As Model Minority

Historical Context as immigrants as a conquered indigenous population displacement and depopulation American policy: economic-land cultural-assimilation political-control Indian policy: tribal survival (maintenance of relations and distinct cultural orders) political autonomy

Native American Demographics Population Growth Reservation Indians Urban Indians Socioeconomic Status Economic Education Health

Canada vs US

The Evolution of the English-French Schism The English Conquest Confederation The New French-Canadian Nationalism The Quiet Revolution The Rise of Parti Quebecois Sovereignty-Association Language French-Canadian Ethnic Identity

Canada’s Third Force Visible Minorities Aboriginal Peoples…and

Stability and Change Melting Pot vs Mosaic Canadian Pluralism Multiculturalism Looking Beyond

Shifting Patterns of Immigration Uneven Development Political Conflict Changes in Western Europe

The Resurgence of Ethnic Nationalism  Civic vs Ethnic Nationalism  Breakup of Yugoslovia Corporate Pluralism under Tito Dissolution of Yugoslav Federation Contemporary Conflict Ethnic Cleansing in Bosnia The End of Ethnic Harmony Kosovo and the Expansion of the Yugoslav Conflict  Exploitation of Ethnicity

The Endurance of Ethnic Conflict Stimulants of Ethnic Conflict Inequalities in Power and Wealth Cultural Differences Physical Distinctions Status Inequality Containment of Ethnic Conflict