The Crusades

I. Background A.The Seljuk Turks (Muslims) took control of the Holy Land (Jerusalem).

B.In 1095, Pope Urban II organized a crusade (a holy war to recapture Jerusalem).

REMEMBER? REMEMBER? The Holy Land is considered holy to Jews, Christians and Muslims. DON’T WRITE!

C. There were SEVEN Crusades fought over 200 years.

D. European kings united for the church instead of fighting each other.

II. Causes of the Crusades 1. Pope Urban II believed this would increase his power. 2. Christians believed they would go to heaven.

3. Nobles wanted wealth, land and adventure! 4. Serfs hoped to escape feudal oppression (hardship).

DON’T WRITE! In the First Crusade, Christians captured Jerusalem in 1099, massacring Muslim inhabitants. The fighting goes on and on …

Muslims leaders tried to regain these kingdoms, which resulted in THREE more Crusades over the next 200 years! DON’T WRITE! And on …

III. During the Crusades A. Saladin – the Muslim General During the Second Crusade in the 1100s, Saladin retook Jerusalem. DON’T WRITE! And on …

He forbade his soldiers to kill, harm, or steal from the Crusaders, who had surrendered to him. He forbade his soldiers to kill, harm, or steal from the Crusaders, who had surrendered to him. DON’T WRITE!

B. Richard the Lion-Hearted – famous King of England. Though he vowed to retake Jerusalem in the Third Crusade ( ), it never happened. Though he vowed to retake Jerusalem in the Third Crusade ( ), it never happened. DON’T WRITE!

During the Third Crusade, Saladin learned that Richard’s horse was killed. During the Third Crusade, Saladin learned that Richard’s horse was killed. He sent him another horse, declaring that so gallant a warrior should not have to fight on foot! He sent him another horse, declaring that so gallant a warrior should not have to fight on foot! DON’T WRITE!

Another account tells that Richard fell ill and wanted fruit and drink. Another account tells that Richard fell ill and wanted fruit and drink. Saladin sent him pears, peaches, and his personal doctor! Saladin sent him pears, peaches, and his personal doctor! Saladin repeatedly remarked that if he must lose Jerusalem, he’d rather lose it to Richard than to any other man alive. Saladin repeatedly remarked that if he must lose Jerusalem, he’d rather lose it to Richard than to any other man alive. DON’T WRITE!

C. These two leaders greatly respected one another. WRITE!

The Fourth Crusade was supposed to regain Jerusalem, but the crusading knights ended up looting Constantinople. DON’T WRITE! And on …

Muslims overran the crusader states by This time, the Muslims massacred the Christian inhabitants after their victory. And on … DON’T WRITE!

IV. Impact/ Effects/ Results/ Outcomes of the Crusades

1. A legacy of religious hatred & intolerance between Christians, Muslims and Jews.

2. Education Increased in Europe Europeans gained a wider view of the world. Europeans gained a wider view of the world. DON’T WRITE! Europeans were exposed to Muslim math, science, literature and art.Europeans were exposed to Muslim math, science, literature and art. Rediscovery of Greek and Roman writings (Muslims preserved them too!)Rediscovery of Greek and Roman writings (Muslims preserved them too!)

3. Increased trade As demand for good grew, Italian city states (Venice & Florence) grew As demand for good grew, Italian city states (Venice & Florence) grew DON’T WRITE! spices, sugar, lemons, spices, sugar, lemons, rugs, coffee, perfumes, silk, cotton, raisins and glass.

4. A money economy grew Peasants paid rent in $$, not labor Peasants paid rent in $$, not labor Taxes financed Crusades Taxes financed Crusades

5. Increased power of European kings Kings won the right to tax people. Kings won the right to tax people. The power of the feudal nobility declined. The power of the feudal nobility declined.