Knowledge and Understanding Holocaust Revision Some basics for your test.

The Nazis and the “Jewish Problem” Write down what was meant by the “Jewish Problem”.

The 3 Solutions to the “Jewish Problem” 1st Solution: 2nd Solution: Final Solution: Jews put in Ghettoes Jews not allowed to work Death Camps Judenrat set up Jewish property taken away Kristallnacht Jews mass murdered

Who was guilty? Write down who you think was guilty of carrying out the Holocaust; Nazis, the SS, Railway workers, ordinary German people?

Normal people How would you feel as a normal German in Nazi Germany, or as a Jew? (write down what you think!)

Do you remember? How did the Nazis persuade… the German people to support them? The authorities in countries they conquered to help them find Jews?

What does this map show us?

30 January 1933 Hitler is sworn in as Chancellor of Germany. 11 March 1933 The SA attack Jewish shops 9 th November 1938 Kristallnacht; a night of extreme violence against Jews occurs. Over 90 Jews killed and thousands put in concentration camps. 8 th October 1939 World War II begins with the invasion of Poland. First Jewish Ghetto in Poland established. September ,000 Jews are murdered at Babi Yar in the Ukraine, being shot after digging their own burial pits. 3 rd Septemb er 1941 First gassings occur at Auschwitz concentration camp. 8 th December 1941 Start of mass killings of Jews, using gas. 30 th April 1945 Hitler commits suicide. The end of the Third Reich.

Two historians debate the guilt of German Railway workers, during the Holocaust. The German railway workers had to help the Nazis dispose of Jews. Though there were no protests or strikes, every German lived in an atmosphere of fear and suspicion. If one even mentioned they did not want any part in this terrible murder, they would be arrested themselves. By the time of the holocaust, Hitler had a tight grip on his people, so they dared not disobey. For this reason, we cannot hold these workers responsible in the same way as the SS, or the Nazis themselves. The German State Railway Service took a full part in the holocaust of the Jews and other so called “undesirables”. Without the help of German railway workers the holocaust could not have happened. If the railway workers had protested or refused to transport the Jews, they may have been able to save thousands of lives. Some were Nazis themselves, and hated Jews. These workers are guilty as they must have known where they were taking their prisoners- to an almost certain death.

How to answer this question… These historians disagree about the guilt of German railway workers… The first Historian says… whereas the second Historian says… Again, the first historian says… whereas the second historian says…