L EARNING T HEORIES I N THE C LASSROOM : S UBTRACTION OF D OUBLE D IGIT N UMBERS W ITH R EGROUPING By Maggie Reilley

W HAT W E W ILL B E U SING I N T HIS L ESSON Base Ten Blocks Math Worksheet

C OGNITIVE C ONSTRUCTIVIST Emphasizes on the child’s cognitive construction of knowledge and understanding It builds off of what the child already knows Purpose of Cognitive Constructivism Make Math Realistic and Interesting Consider the Students’ Prior Knowledge

P IAGET ’ S T HEORY OF C OGNITIVE D EVELOPMENT Concrete Operational Stage Ranges from ages 7 to 11 Students think operationally and logical reasoning replaces intuitive thought but only in concrete situations, such as math

S OCIAL C ONSTRUCTIVIST Emphasizes the social contexts of learning and that knowledge is mutually built and constructed Emphasizes on collaboration with others to produce knowledge and understanding Purpose: Make the Math Curriculum Socially Interactive

V YGOTSKY ’ S T HEORY OF C OGNITIVE D EVELOPMENT Children develop more systematic, logical, and rational concepts as a result of dialogue with a skilled helper, the skilled helper can be a teacher or more-skilled peer It emphasizes that students construct knowledge through social interactions with others Zone of Proximal Development

C OOPERATIVE L EARNING Students work in small groups to help each other learn Cooperative scripting group Students are in reciprocal pairs and go back and forth summarizing information and orally presenting it to one another, the other student listens and monitors for any mistakes, then gives feedback to the student

S OCIAL C OGNITIVE Observational Learning – involves acquiring skills, strategies, and beliefs by observing others Attention Retention Production Motivation In this particular lesson, students will be observing the teacher of information and guidance

T HEORIES U SED I N T EACHING : S UBTRACTION OF D OUBLE D IGIT N UMBERS W ITH R EGROUPING Cognitive Constructivist Approach Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development Social Constructivist Approach Vygotsky’s Theory of Cognitive Development Cooperative Learning Social Cognitive Approach Observational Learning