1. Cognitive Development

2. Jean Piaget Cognitive Development Theory

3. Kinds of Knowledge physical knowledge logico-mathematical knowledge social knowledge

4. Constructivism children are active learners, not passive observers organize their knowledge into schemes schemes change through –assimilation –accommodation

5. Stages of Cognitive Development children ’ s schemes change over time, cognition develops in stages, not gradually each stage builds on accomplishments of prior stage

6. Sensori-motor Stage ages birth – 2 years old infant uses senses and motor abilities to explore first explorations are innate reflexes goal-directed behaviors object permanence

7. Preoperational Stage ages 2-7 child uses mental representations of objects play moves from using real objects to more complex play child ’ s thinking is perception- bound, egocentric, irreversible, centrated, intuitive, animistic

8. Concrete operations ages 7-11 child uses logical operations ability to –conserve –think flexibly –seriate –classify with more than 1 attribute and with hierarchical thinking

9. Formal operations ages 12 and up child uses logical operations in a systematic fashion can think abstractly hypothetico-deductive thinking

10. Contributions of Piaget's Theories to Current Practice focus on active, hands-on learning play is important sensitivity to a child's current level of understanding acceptance of individual differences

11. Criticisms of Piaget's Ideas research methods underestimated the abilities of younger children didn't adequately consider the role of culture and experience in children ’ s undertaking of his tasks stage theory

12. Lev Vygotsky Socio-cultural theory

13. Importance of culture and society on a child ’ s learning –knowledge is socially constructed –culturally determined Importance of interactions with more- abled members of the society –zone of proximal development –scaffolding

14. Language is the foundation of all higher cognitive processes –private speech –inner speech Development is continuous, not occurring in stages

15. Contributions of Vygotsky's Theories to Current Practice opportunities for discovery and play opportunities for social interactions in learning use of language to enhance conceptual development