1. British interfere with American shipping - Impressment/freedom of the seas: British seizure of U.S. sailors in the Atlantic & forced to serve in navy. - Non – Intercourse Act: U.S. would resume trade with countries who lifted shipping restrictions against U.S. - Macon’s Bill #2: U.S. resumed trade with France & gov. placed trade restrictions on British 2. British interfere with U.S expansion - Battle of Tippecanoe – U.S. vs. Native Am & British. U.S. wins, but Native Am. Continue to fight 3. Southerners want control of Fla. Which is controlled by Britain's ally, Spain.

4. War Hawks want to expel Britain completely from North American - War Hawks Represented who?: represented farmers & settlers from the South & West - Famous people: John C. Calhoun (S.C.) & Henry Clay (Ky) - Why push for war?: restore national honor. U.S. tried to avoid involvement in wars between Britain & France - Why invade Canada?: to stop Native Am. Raids, deprive Native Am. Of their main source of weapons, & drive British out of Canada & North America

1. Invasion of Canada fails - Jefferson’s argument: with a population of 8 mill. the U.S. could easily defeat Canada - Save $ - overland invasion would save cost of building a navy - Why failed?: invasion attempts were defeated by British & Native Am. Embarrassed the U.S. 2. Defeating the Native Americans - Retake Detroit: Oliver Hazard Perry defeated British on Lake Erie

- Defeat of Native Americans: Tecumseh killed, Andrew Jackson crushed Creek Indians in Tenn., then invades Fla. & defeated Seminoles 3. The British Invade – Occupied Maine, invaded through northern New York, went through Maryland to D.C. & burned the White House. Attack at New Orleans. Most battles ended in British defeat

Francis Scott Key – wrote the Star Spangled Banner (poem) during the British invasion Who Won? No one – the war was a draw. Battle of New Orleans - U.S. greatest victory came after war was over. Jackson gained great military reputation for success against British in battle (future president) Treaty of Ghent – (peace treaty) restored pre-war boundaries for U.S. & Canada. U.S. saw war as a win b/c it looked like Jackson forced Br. to make peace. Noble defense of the nation Hartford Convention - surge of Nationalism & confidence in republic. Nation survived a difficult war.

Federalist Party – embarrassed for not supporting the popular war. Disappeared How did the war of 1812 help to develop a national identity? Created new states from added territory, Indiana, Miss., Illinois, & Alabama. U.S. became bigger and stronger. (stood up to British again). People identify themselves as Americans not just by their state/region