Paper One – Part Two 70 mins The Big Picture Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1 st World War Why was there increasing tension between the Great Powers, 1890–1914?  Did the Alliance System make war more likely?  How far did colonial problems create tensions between the Great Powers?  Why were problems in the Balkans so difficult for the Great Powers to solve?  How important was the Kaiser in causing the worsening international situation?  Why did the arms race escalate, 1900–14? Why did the First World War break out in 1914?  Why was Franz Ferdinand assassinated?  How did the assassination of Franz Ferdinand lead to the outbreak of war?  How far were the actions of Austria-Hungary, Britain, Germany and Russia responsible for the outbreak of war?  How far did the Schlieffen Plan contribute to the outbreak of war? What happened on the Western Front?  Why did the war get bogged down in the trenches?  What was living and fighting in the trenches like?  How far did General Haig mismanage the Battle of the Somme?  How important were new developments such as tanks, machine guns, aircraft and gas?  What was the importance of America’s entry into the war?  Why did Germany agree to an armistice in 1918? How important were the other fronts?  Who won the war at sea?  What happened in the Gallipoli campaign of 1915?  Why was Russia defeated in 1918?

Paper One – Part Two 70 mins How important were the other fronts? How important were the other fronts?  Who won the war at sea?  What happened in the Gallipoli campaign of 1915?  Why was Russia defeated in 1918?

Who won the war at sea? a)What is a blockade? (4) b) Explain why you might want to blockade your enemy (6) Give me 3 reasons and be ready to explain

Who won the war at Sea? a) What is a U-Boat? (4) How did the Allies tackle U-Boats? Complete a spider diagram of your ideas

Who won the war at sea? c) ‘Germany won the Battle of Jutland’ How far do you agree with this statement? (10) Evidence to show that Germany wonEvidence to show that Britain won Where were the other Fronts? The Germans had the best of the exchanges The British had the largest fleet The Germans sank 14 British ships The British sank 11 German ships The German fleet never left their harbours again The Germans failed to achieve their main objective of removing blockade The Germans caused the most damage

What happened at the Gallipoli campaign of 1915? b) Explain why the campaign at Gallipoli was launched (6) 

What happened at the Gallipoli campaign of 1915? When I was there, in every case, attacks were ordered rather light heartedly and carried out without method. The men on the spot were not listening to when they pointed out steps to be taken before entering on a special task. The Turks had sited their trenches very cleverly and it was often useless to attack one set before another had been taken. The Turks dig like moles and prepare line after line for defence: seven or eight close behind each other. The great difficulty is in making attacks and supporting them. The trenches become congested: the telephone wires get cut by shrapnel: and the whole show gets out of control. Almost always in Gallipoli the attacks were made by men in the trenches and not by fresh troops. The men are kept too long and too thick in the trenches: they become stupefied after five days. Attacks seemed always to be ordered against very long strips of line at once without any weight anywhere. It all seemed amateur. But I suppose it couldn’t be helped, the idea was always to get through with a rush and to disregard losses. List 4 reasons for the failure of the Gallipoli campaign 

Why was Russia defeated in 1918? Two possible reasons for the defeat of Russia  Internal Problems  Military Defeat Decide which reasons and internal and which a military Failures in the war The Mutiny in the army Duma setting up an alternative Government Discontent in the countryside Formation of Soviets Strikes Food Shortages The Tsarina and Rasputin

1914 – Crushing Victory for the Germans At the start of the war, Russia surprised everyone. It quickly mobilised its two huge armies and invaded Eat Prussia in August The Germans had to take an extra 100,000 troops away from the Western Front to fight them. This helped to ruin the Schlieffen Plan. They enjoyed early success but suffered a crushing defeat at the Battle of Tannenberg. The soldiers were poorly led, under fed and badly equipped – Mixed fortunes against the Austrians The Russians were more successful against the Austrians. It took the Austrians 4 months to drive the Russians out of Galicia but it placed a terrible strain on Russia – there were 2 million dead or wounded in 1915 alone – Success and failure for Brusilov The Russian army had some respite in the winter of 1915 and early 1916 when the focus of the German and Austrian war effort shifted to Italy. In the summer of 1916 General Brusilov led a stunning offensive against the Austrians and broke through their lines. But the Russians wasted the opportunity that the offensive gave them. Instead of attacking other parts of the Austrian line, Brusilov’s superiors decided to send extra troops to Brusilov to help him advance. By August the Russian army had run out of steam and another 500,000 troops were dead, such losses intensified domestic problems 1917 – Revolution at home takes Russia out of the war The war effort a terrible strain on Russia. Keeping the soldiers supplied meant civilians went hungry. Finally in 1917 Russia collapsed into Revolution. The Tsar was overthrown and a new Provisional Government ruled Russia. They promised to carry on the war but found they didn’t have the resources or the will. In November 1917 the Bolsheviks, led by Lenin, took power and pulled out of the war.

‘Military Failures were the main reason for Russia’s defeat on the Eastern Front. How far do you agree with this statement? Agree  Disagree  Do you agree or disagree You will need to support your decision

a)What was the British Blockade? (4) b)Explain why the casualties were so high at the Gallipoli campaign (6) c)‘Russia lost because of its own internal problems’ How far do you agree with this statement? (10)