How to have global peace? Can it be done?

Wilson’s vision is called the 14 Points It has 14 provisions puts an end to alliances freedom of the seas self-determination-the power to make decisions about ones future arms reductions... not everyone accepted, many changes had to be made Fourteen Points

The Paris Peace Conference January 1919 Wilson heads the U.S. delegation “There must not be a balance of power, but a community of power; not organized rivalries, but an organized common peace.” --W. Wilson

What does everybody want? Wilson is not interested in spoils-rewards of war. He did not want territory from the losers Other allies do want German territory divided. Wilson finally agrees that allied powers can take over colonies.

Wilson sets up the League of Nations An organization in which the nations of the world would join together to ensure security and peace for all members.

What does our President have to do? He heads for home to convince Congress that the League of Nations is good He has convinced the allies that it is good.

Article 10 The most important proposal for the League of Nations “An attack on one nation is an attack on all” Congress rejects Why?

This could bring us into more wars We don’t want to set up another web of alliances. That’s what got this war started to begin with. It would weaken our independence.

Versailles Treaty Ended WWI France wants harsh penalties on Germany reparations-payment for economic injury. Germany owes $33 million to the allies. Wilson feels it could lead to more wars. U.S. did not approve of because it included our commitment to the League of Nations. (“irreconcilable” senators) Wilson fights for ratification, but does not get it. He suffered a stroke in the process.

Little did we know... The seeds of WWII were in the peace treaty of WWI. None of the warring nations were fully satisfied with the peace treaty. Here are some of the objections:

France wants revenge!!! Most of the war was fought on French soil. They were denied a buffer state between France and Germany. (Rhineland)

Germany suffers the most in the peace treaty. They refuse to sign, but when the Allies threaten with invasion, they consent. They lose land to France and Poland. Forced to pay reparations of $33 million. Forced to hand over all war materials and limit army to 100,000 men they must surrender all large merchant ships

Austria-Hungary Shortly before the war ends, they separate into two different nations. There land is given to many different countries. Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia are created Austria-Hungary is forbidden to combine with Germany Limit of 30,000 men for Austria’s army Limit of 35,000 men for Hungary’s army

What about Russia? Not in the treaty negotiations. Lost a lot of land. This land was divided between many countries

Meanwhile, back on our side of the world.

Post-War Adjustments U.S. is owed $11.5 billion jobs are scarce- especially for African- Americans there is no plan to merge troops back into society It will take our 2,000,000 American soldiers almost a year to get back home but our economy is up!

WWI FACTS TO KNOW

How BIG was this war? WWI was a war fought by 28 nations, and an estimated 65 million men, and was fought on 3 continents.

Casualties Allied Powers Central Powers military battle deaths 4,889,000 3,132,000 military wounded 12,809,000 8,420,000 totals 17,698,000 11,552,000

European nations created by WWI Before and After

What new nations were formed as a result of WWI? Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czechoslovakia Yugoslavia

WWI Cause and Effects Causes Imperialism Nationalism Militarism Alliances Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia Effects Map of Europe is redrawn League of Nations is formed U.S. economy is up U.S. suffers post-war disillusionment.

Why is our Economy up? Generating supplies for our troops generates money. This money goes into our workers wallets and our nations wallet.

We are almost done, and we have learned a lot! These are the things you need to know.

And... Analyze how governments and other groups have used propaganda to influence public opinion and behavior. Describe the political, economic and social roots of imperialism. Analyze the perspectives of the colonies and the colonized concerning: language, natural resources, labor, political systems and religion.

And... Trace the development of the U.S. as a world power with emphasis on: a. The decision to enter WWI b. President Wilson’s 14 points c. Treaty of Versailles d. The decision of the U.S. not to participate in the League of Nations

Standards Analyze the causes and effects of WWI with emphasis on: a. Militarism, nationalism, imperialism and alliances. b. The global scope, outcomes and human costs of the war. c. The role of new technologies and practices, including the use of poison gas, trench warfare, machine guns, airplanes, submarines and tanks. d. The Treaty of Versailles and the League on Nations.

And... Analyze instances in which the rights of individuals were restricted including: a. Conscientious objectors in WWI.

You have almost graduated from WWI class. Make sure you study for this test. As you can see, there is a lot to know. And I am expecting you to know it!!!

Quiz time 5 questions

1. Payment from one nation to another for economic injury suffered during a war is called a _________________.

2. The worldwide organization aimed at ensuring security and peace was called the ________________________.

3. President Wilson’s program for peace was called _____________________. The allies accepted it the U.S. did not.

4. Why was post-war adjustments difficult for our soldiers coming back from the war?

5. The ____________ treaty was signed by European powers, thus ending WWI.

6. How did militarism bring Europe into World War I?

7. How did the alliance system bring Europe into World War I?

8. How did imperialism bring Europe into World War I?

9. How did nationalism bring Europe into World War I?

Great Job!!!