WWI-The Great War 1914-1918 Total War. German Propaganda Poster/WWI Post 1800’s new nations emerge, the rise of nationalism Germany and Italy become new.

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Presentation transcript:

WWI-The Great War Total War

German Propaganda Poster/WWI Post 1800’s new nations emerge, the rise of nationalism Germany and Italy become new nations Germany united under Prussian Count Von Bismarck Demand for land and colonies grows after Industrial Revolution Competition between nations for “world power” Colonialism led to military build up…. ALLIANCES were born…..

Australian Propaganda Poster/WWI Germany, Austria- Hungary, and Italy = Triple Alliance France, Russia, Britain = Triple Entente

Europe in 1914

Australian Propaganda poster/WWI Eastern Europe/”Powder Keg” Sarajevo, Bosnia 1914 Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand Heir to the Austria- Hungarian Throne Serbians accused of plot Russians allied with Serbs Germans back up Aust-Hung. Declare war on Russia, August 1, 1914

World War I Erupts > 20 nations involved Four years Central Powers: Germany, Ottoman Turks, Austria-Hungary Allied Powers: Britain, France, Russia Eastern and Western Front Millions of lives lost over gain of yards, feet, inches

Military Casualties in World War 9 million Belgium 45,550, British Empire 942,135, France 1,368,000, Greece 23,098, Italy 680,000, Japan 1,344, Montenegro 3,000, Portugal 8,145, Romania 300,000, Russia 1,700,000, Serbia 45,000, United States 116,516, Austria-Hungary 1,200,000, Bulgaria 87,495, Germany 1,935,000, Ottoman Empire 725,000

New Technology/Tactics/Terms Trench warfare/No Man’s Land Mines/barbed wire Aircraft Submarines Machine guns Genocide Poison Gas Armored Tanks

French soldiers going over the top

Periscope Rifle

New Technologies: Machine guns Required a gun crew of 4-6 men to operate

American soldiers in the trenches with gas masks. Poison Gas arrives on the scene….

Weapons of War Genocide: Armenians massacred by Turks

Soldiers recovering from gas attack

Treating Mustard Gas victim

Life in the Trenches: “Stand to”-hour before dawn/enemy raids Morning Hate-barrage of artillery Breakfast “Unofficial Truce” Chores: refill sandbags, repair floor boards, drain trenches, clean weapons Dusk: most activity under cover of darkness Penalty for falling asleep on duty: death by firing squad Patrolling “No Man’s Land”: hand to hand combat if enemy encountered

RATS Millions infested trenches Gorged themselves Size of cats Spread infection Food contamination LICE Trench Fever TRENCH FOOT Fungus-cold, damp, unsanitary conditions Gangrene/Amputations

Death a constant companion. Bombardment by snipers and shellfire. Estimated one-third of deaths were in the trenches Stalemate on the Western Front from … …and the smells…rotting carcasses (Battle of Somme: 200,000 dead), shallow graves, overflowing latrines, no bathing for weeks, creosol/chloride of lime, cordite (poison gas), rotting sandbags, cigarette smoke, cooking……

Soldier with “shell shock” By the end of World War One the British Army had dealt with 80,000 cases of shell shock....everyone had a 'breaking point': weak or strong, courageous or cowardly - war frightened everyone witless...'

Russian Soldier/WWI Russia withdrew with massive losses on Eastern Front Influenza virus worldwide helped bring WWI to an end November 1918 Treaty of Versailles-harsh punishment, heavy reparations on Germans- demoralized Everyone thought this would never happen again on such a scale….they were wrong. To explore: What connections can you make between WWI and the world in 2005? How high a price is victory? The question stays with us today.

Europe Re-aligned 1919