North America Yucatan Peninsula South America Andes Mts.

Toltec Empire Geographic commonalities? Incan Empire Aztec Empire Mayan Empire

Map Label from pg. 23 in Atlas Pacific Ocean Cities Atlantic Ocean Tenochtitlan North America Chichen Itza South America Cuzco Mesoamerica Gulf of Mexico Amazon River Andes Mountains Yucatan Peninsula Caribbean Sea Mayas Aztec Empire Incan Empire Incan Road System

Characteristics of Mayan, Aztec, and Incan Civilizations Major Civilizations of the Western Civilization Characteristics of Mayan, Aztec, and Incan Civilizations Characteristic Mayans Aztecs Incas Dates 250 B.C. – A.D. 900 A.D. 1200 – 1521 A.D. 1438 - 1535 Location Central American rain forest – Yucatan Peninsula Valley in Central Mexico – modern Mexico City Andes Mountains – west coast of South America Represented by Chichen Itza Tenochtitlan Machu Picchu Political Style/Rule Independent city-states; ruled by god-kings Emperor Economy (Based on?) Agriculture & trade Mainly Maize! Agriculture + Tribute from conquered peoples High-altitude, terrace agriculture; Maize, potatoes & variety of other crops Religion Polytheistic/animistic – ancestor + sun worship pyramids/temples + human sacrifice Polytheistic/animistic; pyramids/temples Ancestor + Sun God Extensive human sacrifice!! Polytheistic/animistic ancestor + sun worship Achievements/Characteristics Advances = math, calendars, astronomy Most advanced writing! Mysterious decline Society based on warfare, expansion and tribute! Conquered by Spanish - Calendars Extensive road system Linked empire + helped rule

Chart Analysis Politically, how did the Mayas differ from the Aztecs and Incas? What main crop was the foundation of agriculture for the Mayas, Aztecs, and Incas? Write a sentence describing the religious commonality between the Mayas, Aztecs and Incas. Write a sentence describing a religious difference between the groups. How may the Mayas have benefitted from their achievements? Who do you think was the most war-like and aggressive of the 3 groups? Why do you think the Incas needed an extensive road system more than the Mayas & Aztecs? Which 2 groups were more influenced by the Europeans? Why?

Maize = Foundation of Mesoamerican agriculture

Aztec religious temple in Mexico

Mayan religious temple Chichen Itza Mayan religious temple

Machu Picchu Incan city in Andes Mts.

Part of massive Incan road system through the Andes Mountains

Incan road system

Warm Up: Commonalities? Toltec Empire 968 C.E. - 1150? Warm Up: Commonalities? Incan Empire 1438 C.E. - 1535 Aztec Empire 1200-1521 Mayan Empire 250 B.C.E.-900 C.E.

Chinampas = Aztec farming technique

Aztec farming technique Chinampas Aztec farming technique

Aztec farming technique Chinampas Aztec farming technique

Chinampas = Aztec farming technique

Aztec Chinampas farming technique

Chinampas

Aztec Chinampa System Main Purpose Reason for Technique/Obstacle being overcome Beneficial Characteristics Aztec Chinampa System How Constructed Addition Benefits to Society

Treaty of Tordesillas Created 7 June 1494 in Tordesillas, Spain Ratified 2 July 1494 in Spain 5 September 1494 in Portugal Authors Pope Alexander VI Signatories Ferdinand II of Aragon John II of Portugal Purpose To divide trading and colonizing rights for all newly discovered lands between Spain and Portugal to the exclusion of other European nations Most of S. Amer & all of N.Amer. To Spain Brazil to Portugal

1494 Spain Portugal Most of S. Amer & all of N.Amer. to Spain Brazil to Portugal 1494