GRAPES of Europe in the Middle Ages Mr. Hernandez

Geography There are many large rivers and bodies of water. These were used mainly for travel and trade. There are rugged mountain ranges These helped separate kingdoms, prevent a lot of trade until towns grew, and protect them from invaders There are diverse climates which led to diverse crops throughout Europe.

Religion The Roman Catholic Church ruled all in the Middle Ages in Europe. The church was the center of life for people in Medieval towns. People thought world events like famine and disease were punishments from God The Pope was the head of the Church The Church owned the most land in Medieval Europe and they could excommunicate and tax people The Church also helped educate eligible students as well. Christians at this time hoped to make a pilgrimage to Jerusalem and Rome once in their life. Kings believed they had a divine right to rule.

Achievements The Roman Catholic Church built large and beautiful gothic style cathedrals. These cathedrals often had statues of hideous beasts and gargoyles on them. The Church educated students in monasteries and later in universities People in Medieval towns named minstrels played instruments and participated in plays that were centered on stories from the Bible Longbows and crossbows were invented to fight battles more efficiently and effectively.

Politics Kingdoms belonged to monarchs (kings and queens). The king would keep some land for himself and give fiefs, or grants of land, to lords. In return the lords gave the king loyalty and the protection of his knights. Kings, lords, vassals, and nobles were considered powerful because they governed fiefs. The Roman Catholic Church had the power to tax people and also owned the most land in Medieval Europe. The language of the Roman Catholic Church, Latin, was the only common language in Europe Church officials were the only people who could read which led to them being trusted advisors for monarchs.

Economics Because Europe was separated into their own small kingdoms, the same money was not used everywhere. Instead of money, the amount of land one owned is was what made someone wealthy. The Roman Catholic Church owned the most land in Europe at this time. Trade in the Middle Ages at first was not widespread. People made their own food, clothing and household items. As towns grew, so did commerce (trade and the buying/selling of goods). People would go to the market to buy and sell goods within their own towns. People who produced the same goods joined together to form guilds. These were like early labor unions

Social Structure The Roman Catholic Church owned the most land in Europe, therefore, the head of the church, the Pope, had a great deal of power in Europe in the Middle Ages. Europe was split into to several kingdoms. Their structure consisted of: Monarchs (kings/queens) were at the top and ruled their kingdom as they wished. They lived on a manor. They gave pieces of land (fiefs) to lords to manage in return for loyalty and supplying knights in times of war. Lords would rely on lesser lords and their knights to watch over smaller areas of land for them. In return they received land to live on. At times, lords would grant land to peasants who would live on the land. In return, they would work the land. Serfs were at the bottom of society. They were tied to the land, had to work, and could not leave.

Geography There are many large ______ and bodies of _____. These were used mainly for _____ and _____. There are rugged ______ ranges These helped ______ kingdoms, prevent a lot of trade until towns grew, and _____ them from invaders There are _____ climates which led to diverse ____ throughout Europe.

Religion The ________________ruled all in the Middle Ages in Europe. The ______ was the center of life for people in Medieval towns. People thought world events like ____ and ______ were punishments from God The ____ was the head of the Church The Church owned the most ____ in Medieval Europe and they could ___________ and ____ people The Church also helped ______ eligible students as well. Christians at this time hoped to make a ___________ to Jerusalem and Rome once in their life. Kings believed they had a _____________.

Achievements The Roman Catholic Church built large and beautiful _______ style ________. These cathedrals often had statues of hideous ____ and gargoyles on them. The Church _____students in monasteries and later in universities People in Medieval towns named _______ played instruments and participated in plays that were centered on stories from the _______. ________ and ______ were invented to fight battles more efficiently and effectively.

Politics Kingdoms belonged to _______ (kings and queens). The king would keep some ____ for himself and give _____ , or grants of land, to lords. In return the lords gave the king _____ and the protection of his _______. Kings, lords, vassals, and nobles were considered ________ because they governed fiefs. The Roman Catholic Church had the power to ____ people and also owned the most land in Medieval Europe. The language of the Roman Catholic Church, _____ , was the only common language in Europe Church officials were the only people who could _______ which led to them being trusted advisors for monarchs.

Economics Because Europe was separated into their own small _______, the same money was not used everywhere. Instead of money, the amount of _____ one owned is was what made someone wealthy. The ________________ owned the most land in Europe at this time. ______ in the Middle Ages at first was not widespread. People made their own food, clothing and household items. As towns _____, so did _______ (trade and the buying/selling of goods). People would go to the ______ to buy and sell goods within their own towns. People who produced the same goods joined together to form _______. These were like early labor unions

Social Structure The ___________ owned the most land in Europe, therefore, the head of the church, the _____, had a great deal of power in Europe in the Middle Ages. Europe was split into to several _______. Their structure consisted of: ________ (kings/queens) were at the top and ruled their kingdom as they wished. They lived on a _______. They gave pieces of land (______) to ______to manage in return for ______ and supplying _______ in times of war. _______ would rely on lesser lords and their _______ to watch over smaller areas of land for them. In return they received land to live on. At times, lords would grant land to __________ who would live on the land. In return, they would work the land. ______ were at the bottom of society. They were tied to the ______, had to work, and could not leave.