The Restoration & the Glorious Revolution

The Stuarts &Revolutions After the English Civil War & Cromwell’s 10 year rule as Lord Protector, the Rump Parliament met to reestablish the English MonarchyAfter the English Civil War & Cromwell’s 10 year rule as Lord Protector, the Rump Parliament met to reestablish the English Monarchy

Restoration of the Stuarts Chose Charles II as the new English monarchChose Charles II as the new English monarch The “Merry Monarch”The “Merry Monarch” 1660 – – 1685

Constitutional Monarchy Constitutional Monarchy:Constitutional Monarchy: Power of the monarch is limited by a constitutionPower of the monarch is limited by a constitution The constitution defines governmental powers, as well as the rights of the peopleThe constitution defines governmental powers, as well as the rights of the people

Parliament Matures Political Parties in Parliament:Political Parties in Parliament: TORIES:TORIES: Supported the “King, church & land”Supported the “King, church & land” Defended hereditary monarchyDefended hereditary monarchy

WHIGS:WHIGS: Supported “life, liberty & property”Supported “life, liberty & property” Wanted to exclude Charles’ brother James from the throneWanted to exclude Charles’ brother James from the throne Parliament Matures

Habeas Corpus Act:Habeas Corpus Act: A person cannot be held in prison without just cause or without a trialA person cannot be held in prison without just cause or without a trial Parliament Matures

Test Act:Test Act: Restricted Catholics from holding political and/or military officeRestricted Catholics from holding political and/or military office Remained in effect until 1829Remained in effect until 1829 Parliament Matures

Catholic Brother of Charles II James II (1685 – 1688)

James II...Doesn’t Last Too Long James & his 2nd wife were CatholicJames & his 2nd wife were Catholic Raised a Catholic armyRaised a Catholic army Appointed Catholics to government & religious positionsAppointed Catholics to government & religious positions

James II...Doesn’t Last Too Long Alienated EVERYONE (even the Tories)Alienated EVERYONE (even the Tories) Suspended laws passed by ParliamentSuspended laws passed by Parliament Tried to grant freedom of religion through the Declaration of IndulgenceTried to grant freedom of religion through the Declaration of Indulgence

Protestant or Catholic? Even though Parliament disapproved of Catholicism it was content to wait James II outEven though Parliament disapproved of Catholicism it was content to wait James II out He was to be followed by his protestant daughtersHe was to be followed by his protestant daughters Mary & AnneMary & Anne

Protestant or Catholic? But then a son was born; to be raised CATHOLIC!But then a son was born; to be raised CATHOLIC! The son would be in line for the throne before James’ Protestant daughtersThe son would be in line for the throne before James’ Protestant daughters Prompts Parliamentary actionPrompts Parliamentary action

In 1688 Parliament asked Mary & her husband William to come take the throne of EnglandIn 1688 Parliament asked Mary & her husband William to come take the throne of England Remember that Mary was James’ daughter; she was also Protestant…Remember that Mary was James’ daughter; she was also Protestant… The Glorious Revolution

James II fled & was later defeated at the Battle of the BoyneJames II fled & was later defeated at the Battle of the Boyne Catholics were severely punished for supporting JamesCatholics were severely punished for supporting James

William & Mary Agreed to govern “according to the statutes of Parliament, and the laws and customs of the same”Agreed to govern “according to the statutes of Parliament, and the laws and customs of the same” Were referred to as “officers of parliament” in the English Bill of Rights of 1689Were referred to as “officers of parliament” in the English Bill of Rights of 1689