English Civil War, The Glorious Revolution & the Restoration

Magna Carta

England 1600

King James Stuart I King James VI of Scotland King James VI of Scotland Inherited Queen Elizabeth I throne ( ) Inherited Queen Elizabeth I throne ( ) Key questions: how much power should Parliament have. Key questions: how much power should Parliament have. Believed in Absolutism Believed in Absolutism Worst struggles w/ Parliament were over money. They were reluctant ot pay for James’s’ expensive court & foreign wars Worst struggles w/ Parliament were over money. They were reluctant ot pay for James’s’ expensive court & foreign wars Offended Puritan members of Parliament Offended Puritan members of Parliament James = Calvinist James = Calvinist only agreed to one Puritan reform: translating the Bible: The King James version only agreed to one Puritan reform: translating the Bible: The King James version

King Charles Stuart I 1625 son of James, came to power 1625 son of James, came to power Always needed money Always needed money At war with Spain and France At war with Spain and France Dissolved Parliament several times when they refused him money Dissolved Parliament several times when they refused him money 1628 force to call Parliament 1628 force to call Parliament They refused him any money until he signed a document that is known at the Petition of Rights They refused him any money until he signed a document that is known at the Petition of Rights Agreed to sign the Petition of Rights Agreed to sign the Petition of Rights

Charles I

Petition Of Rights No imprisonment w/o due cause No imprisonment w/o due cause No taxes w/o Parliament’s consent No taxes w/o Parliament’s consent No housing soldiers in private homes No housing soldiers in private homes No martial law in peacetime No martial law in peacetime Charles signed it & then… Ignored it!!!!! (even so… it was important b/c it set forth the idea that the law was HIGHER than the KING

King Charles Stuart I & the English Civil War Offended Puritans by upholding church ritual & a formal prayer book Offended Puritans by upholding church ritual & a formal prayer book he tried to force the Presbyterian Scots to accept a version of the Anglican prayer book! he tried to force the Presbyterian Scots to accept a version of the Anglican prayer book! Wanted one religion for both Kingdoms Wanted one religion for both Kingdoms Scots rebelled, threatening to invade England Scots rebelled, threatening to invade England Called Parliament to ask for money for the rebellion Called Parliament to ask for money for the rebellion Parliament now had a chance to oppose him Parliament now had a chance to oppose him Parliament passed laws to limit royal power Parliament passed laws to limit royal power Charles tries to arrest Parliament’s leaders; they escaped Charles tries to arrest Parliament’s leaders; they escaped Mob of Londoners Raged outside the Palace after the King! Mob of Londoners Raged outside the Palace after the King! He escaped & raised an army in the North (loyal to him) He escaped & raised an army in the North (loyal to him) – supporters (loyalists or Cavaliers) & opponents (Roundheads) fought a CIVIL WAR – supporters (loyalists or Cavaliers) & opponents (Roundheads) fought a CIVIL WAR Oliver Cromwell came to defend the Puritan opposition Oliver Cromwell came to defend the Puritan opposition

Charles I Tried for Treason & Executed the loyalists held the King prisoner on charges of treason1647- the loyalists held the King prisoner on charges of treason Charles was tried for treason, found guilty and EXECUTED!1649- Charles was tried for treason, found guilty and EXECUTED! First King ever to be tried, sentenced and killed by the peopleFirst King ever to be tried, sentenced and killed by the people

Oliver Cromwell & the English Commonwealth

Oliver Cromwell Puritan Morality imposed! Puritan Morality imposed! Sought to reform society Sought to reform society Made laws to promote Puritan morality & abolish “sinful” activities (dancing, theatre, comedy, sports) Made laws to promote Puritan morality & abolish “sinful” activities (dancing, theatre, comedy, sports) Favored religious toleration for all Christians; except Catholics Favored religious toleration for all Christians; except Catholics Became unpopular due to strict religious rules Became unpopular due to strict religious rules Son ruled after him, weakly Son ruled after him, weakly People began to long for the Monarchy People began to long for the Monarchy

The Restoration & Charles Stuart II Charles II entered London to cheers of support and celebration for the return of the KING Charles II entered London to cheers of support and celebration for the return of the KING Restored the theater, sporting events, dancing Restored the theater, sporting events, dancing Parliament passed an important guarantee of freedom, HABEAS CORPUS Parliament passed an important guarantee of freedom, HABEAS CORPUS law passed guaranteeing prisoners right to go before a judge & the accuser law passed guaranteeing prisoners right to go before a judge & the accuser Monarch could no longer put people in jail randomly Monarch could no longer put people in jail randomly Died 1685 with no heir Died 1685 with no heir

James Stuart II (Charles II brother) became King became King Offended the English by flaunting his Catholicism Offended the English by flaunting his Catholicism Appointed many Catholics to high office (illegal) Appointed many Catholics to high office (illegal) Parliament protested. James dissolved them Parliament protested. James dissolved them heir born, England became fearful at the prospect of a long line of Catholic Kings heir born, England became fearful at the prospect of a long line of Catholic Kings

James Stuart II & the Glorious Revolution

William and Mary James II older daughter (Protestant) was married to William of Orange (Netherlands). James II older daughter (Protestant) was married to William of Orange (Netherlands). Parliament invited them to overthrow James Parliament invited them to overthrow James William led his army to London William led his army to London James fled to France (to save his head) James fled to France (to save his head) = a BLOODLESS overthrown of a King = a BLOODLESS overthrown of a King THE GLORIOUS REVOLUTION THE GLORIOUS REVOLUTION

The “Conditions” = A Constitutional Monarchy William & Mary had to agree to rule according to English Law William & Mary had to agree to rule according to English Law They had to sign the Bill of Rights They had to sign the Bill of Rights Recognizing Parliament as their Partner in governing. Recognizing Parliament as their Partner in governing. No suspending of Parliament’s Laws No suspending of Parliament’s Laws No taxes w/o a specific grant from Parliament No taxes w/o a specific grant from Parliament No interfering w/ freedom of speech in Parliament No interfering w/ freedom of speech in Parliament No Penalty for a citizen who complains to the King No Penalty for a citizen who complains to the King William & Mary Consented William & Mary Consented Constitutional Monarch is Born Constitutional Monarch is Born

English Bill of Rights