DO NOW How are photosynthesis and respiration related? THINK --- raw materials and products. What do the two processes do for the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?

CELLULAR RESPIRATION Textbook pages 91-94

All Cells Need Energy Glucose and other sugars are cell food – the power source for all cell activities When a sugar molecule is broken down, a usable form of energy is released for all the cell functions

CELLULAR RESPIRATION Cells use oxygen to release energy stored in sugars such as glucose Takes place in the mitochondria Mitochondria is in both plant and animal cells, so both types of cells release energy using respiration

CELLULAR RESPIRATION Starting (Raw) Materials The Process Products Oxygen Sugar(glucose) (CYTOPLASM -glucose is split into smaller molecules) The splitting of glucose releases energy. The energy molecules move into the mitochondria and meet the oxygen molecules. As C6H12O6 is broken down, hydrogen combines with oxygen to make water and carbon and oxygen bond to make carbon dioxide. Energy carbon dioxide water

Now Create a Diagram That Illustrates Cellular Respiration Turn to page 92 of the textbook and draw a diagram of a mitochondria. Include the raw materials, the process and the products involved in cellular respiration

The Cellular Respiration Equation C6H12O6 + 6O2 Energy + 6H2O + 6CO2 RAW MATERIALS PRODUCTS Yum….Eating Solar Energy! Movie How are photosynthesis and respiration related?

Can You Compare Photosynthesis to Cellular Respiration Can You Compare Photosynthesis to Cellular Respiration? Copy this diagram or the one similar to it on page 93. Write how these two processes form a CYCLE. ATP = Energy

Photosynthesis Respiration Occurs in the presence of light (and chlorophyll in plant cells) Occurs at all times in cells Requires energy (light) to make sugar (glucose) Releases energy from sugar Complex substances (sugar) are formed from simpler ones. Complex substances (sugar) are broken down into simpler ones. Carbon dioxide and water are the raw materials. Carbon dioxide and water are the waste products. Oxygen is given out. Oxygen is taken in.

FERMENTATION Process by which cells release energy without the presence of oxygen If respiration takes place, the oxygen combines with the glucose to make energy. Without oxygen, none of this would happen and the process would just end. Instead of ending the process, the glucose STAYS IN the cytoplasm and fermentation occurs.

Sugars are still broken down, but WITHOUT oxygen around. Types of Fermentation Sugars are still broken down, but WITHOUT oxygen around. Alcoholic fermentation Lactic acid fermentation Alcohol and carbon dioxide are produced Lactic acid is produced Both types release a small amount of energy.

FERMENTATION IS IMPORTANT Produces many foods like breads, yogurt and cheese Example – Alcoholic fermentation bread is made by mixing flour milk and sugar with yeast. Yeast (a living organism) runs out of oxygen and uses fermentation to convert the sugar to alcohol and CO2. Bubbles of CO2 - form in the dough and cause it to rise giving it a light spongy texture. Alcohol - evaporates, The yeast is killed

EXAMPLE – LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION Ever had a muscle cramp? That’s lactic acid fermentation at work You are running the pacer test in gym, no matter how hard you breathe, your muscles cells use up the OXYGEN faster than can be replaced. Respiration stops and fermentation starts. Products of fermentation gave to ENERGY to finish your pacer test, but another product is lactic acid which builds in your cells and causes muscles to feel weak and sore.