1. Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

2. Energy cycle ATP Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration sun CO2 O2 H2O
even though this equation is a bit of a lie… it makes a
better story
sun
Energy cycle
Photosynthesis
CO2
H2O
C6H12O6 O2
light
energy  +
H2O
plants
CO2
glucose O2
animals, plants
CO2
H2O
C6H12O6 O2
ATP
energy  +
Cellular Respiration
ATP
The Great Circle of Life,Mufasa!

3. ATP ATP is biological energy ATP + water  ADP + P = energy
When you break the bond you get energy
ATP = stored energy
ADP = used energy

4. Cellular Respiration
Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen.
6CO2
6H2O
C6H12O6
6O2
ATP
energy  +
38 ATP
produced
Glucose

5. If no oxygen is present then fermentation occurs Cytoplasm
Oxygen required
2 ATP needed
If no oxygen is present then fermentation occurs
Cytoplasm
CO2 released
4 ATP produced
2 ATP produced
34 ATP produced

6. Glycolysis (occurs in cytoplasm)
Break down glucose into 2 pyruvate molecules
Glucose has 6 carbon
Pyruvate has 3 carbon
No oxygen in required (anaerobic)
Needs 2ATP to happen
Generates 4ATP
Net gain of 2ATP at the end of the process

7. After Glycolysis
If oxygen is present, pyruvate moves to mitochondria where cellular respiration occurs.
If not oxygen is present, pyruvate is used for alcoholic or lactic acid fermentation.

8. Cellular respiration occurs in two steps
Kreb’s cycle or citric acid cycle
Produced 2ATP
Electron transport chain
Produced 34 ATP
Both processes require oxygen and occur in the mitochondria

9. Kreb’s cycle Pyruvic acid produced from glycolysis is used to make
Carbon dioxide
NADH
ATP
FADH2
4 ATP are produced for immediate use for cell processes
NADH and FADH2 carry electrons to the electron transport chain to make more energy
CO2 is released from the cell

10. Electron transport chain
The ETC used high energy electrons from the Kreb’s cycle to convert ADP to ATP.
ETC is composed of a series of carrier proteins in the inner membrane of the mitochondria.
Water is produced and released at the end of the ETC.
34 ATP are produced in the end

12. Fermentation Two types Alcoholic fermentation Lactic acid fermentation
Both processes do not require oxygen (anaerobic) and occur after glycolysis.

13. Alcoholic fermentation
Yeasts and a few other microorganisms use this process
CO2 bubbles that are released from this process cause bread to rise.
Also used to make beer and wine

14. Lactic acid fermentation
Occurs in humans and other eukaryotes
Muscle cramps are caused by a build up of lactic acid
When you exercise vigorously, the large muscles run out of oxygen quickly.
Your muscles quickly produce ATP using lactic acid fermentation.
Lactic acid builds up which causes your muscles to ache.