Let’s Here Some Praise for da’ Phrase! The Five Different Types of Phrases

Ok, I think I can identify a phrase, but exactly is it? Ok, I think I can identify a phrase, but exactly is it? -A phrase is a group of words not containing a verb and its subject. A phrase is used as a single part of speech. -A phrase is a group of words not containing a verb and its subject. A phrase is used as a single part of speech.

We will explore the fabulous and exciting world of five different types of phrases: We will explore the fabulous and exciting world of five different types of phrases: *prepositional phrases *prepositional phrases *participial phrases *participial phrases *gerund phrases *gerund phrases *infinitive phrases *infinitive phrases *appositive phrases *appositive phrases

-Let’s start with the most familiar terminology shall we? -Let’s start with the most familiar terminology shall we? -PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE -PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE --A prepositional phrase is a group of words beginning with a preposition and ending with a noun or pronoun. --A prepositional phrase is a group of words beginning with a preposition and ending with a noun or pronoun. In the dark roomover the river In the dark roomover the river Through the woods Through the woods

--The noun or pronoun that concludes the prepositional phrase is the object of the preposition that begins the phrase. --The noun or pronoun that concludes the prepositional phrase is the object of the preposition that begins the phrase. --Prepositional phrases are usually used as modifiers—as adjectives or adverbs (function over form thing!). Occasionally, a prepositional phrase is used as a noun. --Prepositional phrases are usually used as modifiers—as adjectives or adverbs (function over form thing!). Occasionally, a prepositional phrase is used as a noun.

Before I am old would be a good time for Orlando Bloom to fall in love with me. Before I am old would be a good time for Orlando Bloom to fall in love with me. Thank God I fell on top of the fat guy! He padded my fall! Thank God I fell on top of the fat guy! He padded my fall! The object of my affection is my boyfriend of five years. The object of my affection is my boyfriend of five years.

THE ADJECTIVE PHRASE!! Don’t we know this one already? Don’t we know this one already? -Yes!! -Yes!! -An adjective phrase is a prepositional phrase that modifies a noun or pronoun. -An adjective phrase is a prepositional phrase that modifies a noun or pronoun. The pain in my head is unbearable. The pain in my head is unbearable.

THE ADVERB PHRASE!! -We know this one too! -We know this one too! -An adverb phrase is a prepositional phrase that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. (Here we keep the original definition of adverb) -An adverb phrase is a prepositional phrase that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. (Here we keep the original definition of adverb) She bathes with great care. (How she bathes) She bathes with great care. (How she bathes) The student was not true to his word. The student was not true to his word. He flung the booger far across the room. He flung the booger far across the room.

VERBAL PHRASES -These are less common than the prepositional phrase, but still useful. There are three kinds: participial phrases, gerund phrases, and infinitive phrases. -These are less common than the prepositional phrase, but still useful. There are three kinds: participial phrases, gerund phrases, and infinitive phrases. -Why do you think these are called verbal phrases? -Why do you think these are called verbal phrases? -They are called verbals because the most important word in them is a verbal. -They are called verbals because the most important word in them is a verbal.

Ok. What the heck is a verbal? Ok. What the heck is a verbal? -A verbal is formed from a verb; they express action, have modifiers, and can be followed by comlements. HOWEVER, verbals do not function as verbs in a sentence. They function as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs. -A verbal is formed from a verb; they express action, have modifiers, and can be followed by comlements. HOWEVER, verbals do not function as verbs in a sentence. They function as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs.

THE PARTICIPIAL AND PARTICIPIAL PHRASE A participial is a verb form that can be used as an adjective. A participial is a verb form that can be used as an adjective. A rapidly developing storm was brewing in the waters off Florida, ready to hit at any time. A rapidly developing storm was brewing in the waters off Florida, ready to hit at any time. -Two kinds of participles: -Two kinds of participles: Present and past: Present participles end in –ing, past participles may end in – ed, -d, -t, -en, or –n. Present and past: Present participles end in –ing, past participles may end in – ed, -d, -t, -en, or –n.

participles may not be used as verbs by themselves. A participial may, however, be used with a helping verb to form a verb phrase. When participles are used in verb phrases, they are considered part of the verb and are not considered adjectives. participles may not be used as verbs by themselves. A participial may, however, be used with a helping verb to form a verb phrase. When participles are used in verb phrases, they are considered part of the verb and are not considered adjectives.

A participial phrase is a phrase containing a participial and any complements or modifiers it may have. A participial phrase is a phrase containing a participial and any complements or modifiers it may have. Running through the store, the child tripped and fell onto the egg display. Running through the store, the child tripped and fell onto the egg display. The kid swimming in the pool peed. The kid swimming in the pool peed. -The participial usually introduces the phrase and the entire phrase acts as an adjective to modify a noun or pronoun. -The participial usually introduces the phrase and the entire phrase acts as an adjective to modify a noun or pronoun.

Past participial: Past participial: The deer spotted with white patches walked across the meadow. The deer spotted with white patches walked across the meadow. Soaked with water, Mary vowed never to ride Splash Mountain again in the cold weather. Soaked with water, Mary vowed never to ride Splash Mountain again in the cold weather.

Gerund Phrase A gerund is a word that looks like it should be a verb ending in –ing, but it is functioning as a noun. A gerund is a word that looks like it should be a verb ending in –ing, but it is functioning as a noun. A gerund phrase begins with a gerund and includes any modifiers that go with it, just like a prepositional phrase would have. A gerund phrase begins with a gerund and includes any modifiers that go with it, just like a prepositional phrase would have.

Examples I like traveling. I like traveling. Walking at night can be very dangerous. Walking at night can be very dangerous. You can pass this test by studying hard. You can pass this test by studying hard. Sitting in an airplane seat can cause your legs to cramp. Sitting in an airplane seat can cause your legs to cramp. My favorite thing to do is playing with my daughter. My favorite thing to do is playing with my daughter.

Participial vs. Gerund phrases How do you tell the difference between a present participial phrase and a gerund phrase if they both are a “verb” ending in –ing? How do you tell the difference between a present participial phrase and a gerund phrase if they both are a “verb” ending in –ing? Participial phrases are adjectives, gerund phrases are nouns…use the “it” or “something” test if in doubt to see if it is a noun. Participial phrases are adjectives, gerund phrases are nouns…use the “it” or “something” test if in doubt to see if it is a noun.

Infinitive and Infinitive Phrase An infinitive is a verb form that is usually preceded by the word “to” and can be used as a noun, adjective, or adverb. An infinitive is a verb form that is usually preceded by the word “to” and can be used as a noun, adjective, or adverb. An infinitive verb is “to + verb”—to sing, to dance, to go, to shop, etc… An infinitive verb is “to + verb”—to sing, to dance, to go, to shop, etc…

Infinitive Phrase as Noun I want to go home. I want to go home. To travel is to live. To travel is to live. Our goal is to win the game. Our goal is to win the game. To leave the party early would be very rude. To leave the party early would be very rude.

Infinitive Phrase as Adjective This is not the way to solve the problem. This is not the way to solve the problem. Destination Truth is my favorite show to watch. Destination Truth is my favorite show to watch.

Infinitive Phrase as Adverb We came to take you away. We came to take you away. We go to the cabin to ski. We go to the cabin to ski. We went to the club to sing in the contest. We went to the club to sing in the contest.

Infinitive Phrase vs. Prepositional Phrase Be careful! “to + verb”= infinitive, “to + noun”= prepositional Be careful! “to + verb”= infinitive, “to + noun”= prepositional I promise to go home later to tape that show for you. I promise to go home later to tape that show for you. Will you come to the house with me? Will you come to the house with me?

Appositive Phrase This is easy. This is easy. An appositive is a noun or pronoun set beside another noun or pronoun to explain or identify it. It is usually (but not always) set off by commas. An appositive is a noun or pronoun set beside another noun or pronoun to explain or identify it. It is usually (but not always) set off by commas.

Examples My cousin Ted has been married four times before the age of 30. My cousin Ted has been married four times before the age of 30. My cat, the most beautiful thing in the world, is my best friend. My cat, the most beautiful thing in the world, is my best friend. Alaska, a beautiful state, is so serene. Alaska, a beautiful state, is so serene.

The end!