Dental Restorations in Pediatric Dentisty November 15 th, 2008 Christopher Yue DMD, MS

Introduction U of MB Bachelors of Science U of MB dental school U of MN for pediatric dentistry residency Certificate Masters with research in sealants

Restorative Goals Cease disease process Restore function Improve esthetics Preserve space for adult dentition

Primary Tooth Morphology Mesiodistal diameter greater than cervical occlusal Enamel and dentin thinner with large pulp chambers Buccal and lingual converge to the occlusal Cervical enamel rods converge cervically Short clinical crown Broad interproximal contacts

Types of Dental Materials Amalgam Composite Glass Ionomer Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Stainless Steel

Amalgam mixture of mercury (43%-54%) and powdered alloy (silver, tin, zinc and copper) Once mixed sets automatically

Amalgam Advantages Quick and easy manipulation Less moisture sensitive Microleakage decreases with time Good mechanical properties economical

Amalgam Disadvantages Non bonding Bulk for strength Proper preparation to prevent fracture Wide isthmus Rounded line angles Poor esthetics Dental amalgam controversy

Amalgam Indications Class I restorations 2 surface class II restorations preparation does not extend beyond proximal line angles Class V restorations

Composite Mixture of powdered glass and plastic resin Polymerization reaction initiated by light Various level of filler particles can change esthetics, mechanical properties, and viscosity

Composites Advantages Micromechanical Bond Esthetic and polishable Conservative preparation Preventative Sealants

Composites Disadvantages Moisture sensitive Technique sensitive Multiple steps Time consuming Polymerization shrinkage leads to microleakage Public opinion possibly negative due to BPA scare

Composite Indications Small pit and fissure caries Class I, II, III, IV and V restorations in primary and permanent teeth

Anterior Strip Crowns Anterior Restorations Primary anterior crown forms

Glass Ionomer Mixture of glass and organic acid Chelating Reaction Mixed prior to use Chemically cured

Glass Ionomers Advantages Bond to tooth structure Physical properties similar to dentin Moisture tolerant Release fluoride (5 years) Fluoride rechargable Less microleakage

Glass Ionomers Disadvantages Not as strong Poor wear Increased setting time Not as esthetic as composite

Glass Ionomer Indications Smooth surface lesions Small anterior proximal lesions i.e. areas of low stress High caries risk patients Sealants Base underneath deep carious lesions Good cement for stainless steel crowns and brackets and bands Interim Therapeutic Restorations

Removing carious tissues using hand instruments only Less traumatic No need for electricity Conservation of tooth structure Low cost Glass Ionomer Bonds to tooth Releases fluoride

Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Mixture of glass, an organic acid, and resin polymer that harden when light cured

Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Advantages Increased wear and fracture toughness Some fluoride release Comand cure Increased esthetics Disadvantages Not as strong as composite or amalgam Less fluoride release than glass ionomer

Stainless Steel Pre-fabricated Full coverage restoration Pre-crimped with 6 sizes Adapted to tooth

Stainless Steel Advantages Strongest Preventative Can be adapted for space maintainer Disadvantages Poor esthetics Post op discomfort

Stainless Steel Indications Pulpotomy Extensive caries Fractured teeth Hypoplastic molars

Stainless Steel Crown Indications Space Maintainer Distal Shoe / loop High caries risk children Patients that require general anesthetic for dental treatment

Stainless Steel Crown Crown and loop Placed on tooth that has extensive decay with space maintenance needs

Anterior Stainless Steel Crowns Anterior SSC with windows Flowable composite Acid etched Micromechanical and mechanical retention

Decision Making Process Treat the patient, not the tooth Caries Risk Assessment Oral hygiene Diet Caries history Anticipated parental compliance

Decision Making Process Patient’s ability to cooperate for treatment Need for space maintenance Pulp status Age of patient (eruption sequence)

Patient 1 Behavior good Cooperative Responsive

Clinical Exam Fair Oral Hygiene White spot lesions around gum line 1 small cavitated carious lesion

Diet Good diet No bottle at night Healthy snacks Juice in between meals Non cariogenic

Parents Educated parents Conscientious Motivated Willing to change eating habits and oral hygiene

Treatment Plan Small conservative composite restoration Fluoride treatment for incipient lesions Improve oral hygiene Monitor at recalls

Patient 2 Patient Behavior Bad Apprehensive Non-communicable Pre-cooperative Consistent with age Will require general anesthetic for any restorative treatment

Clinical Exam Early Childhood caries Multiple interproximal and smooth surface lesions Multiple incipient lesions

Child’s Diet High sugar diet Sugary in between snacks High caries risk

Discussion with Father Unable to understand Unwilling to change Too busy waging war and handing out bailouts Not concerned with child’s dental health

How do you treat incipient lesions? Treat active carious lesions aggressively with stainless steel crowns Strong preventative program including fluoride and frequent recalls

Thank-you!