1. General Dentistry/ Matrix Systems
Chapters
48 & 49

2. Restorative Dentistry
Indicated when teeth must be restored to their original structure by the use of direct or indirect restorative materials.
Conditions that determine the need for restorative dentistry:
Initial or recurring decay
Replacement of failed restorations
Abrasion or wearing away of tooth structures
Erosion of tooth structure

3. Esthetic Dentistry
Primarily devoted to improving the appearance of teeth by either restoring imperfections with direct or indirect restorative materials
Specific conditions that initiate a need for esthetic treatment include the following
Discoloration due to extrinsic or intrinsic staining
Anomalies caused by developmental distrubances
Abnormal spacing between teeth
trauma

4. Cavity Preparation
Process of removing unhealthy tooth structure while leaving a limited amount of healthy tooth structure for the tooth to maintain a restoration
Two stages:
Initial preparation
Access to decay
Outline form
Primary resistance form

5. Final preparation Remove any remaining enamel in the prep
Additional resistance and retention
Place protective materials

6. Terminology Cavity Wall: Internal wall: External wall:
Internal surface of tooth prepared for the restoration
Internal wall:
Cavity wall/surface that does not extend to the external tooth surface
External wall:
Surface of the tooth preparation that extends to the external tooth surface, named according to the tooth surface involved; distal, mesial, facial, lingual, gingival

7. Axial wall: Pulpal wall:
Internal wall/surface of the prepared tooth that runs parallel to the long axis of the tooth
Pulpal wall:
Internal wall/surface of a prepared tooth that is perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth; also known as the pulpal floor

8. Line angle:
Angle formed by the junction of two walls/surface in a cavity preparation (such as a corner)
The names of the two walls are combined and form a new angle. Such as mesial and lingual, and becomes mesiolingual angle.

9. Classifications Class I Class II Class III
Small and involves the pits and fissures of teeth
Class II
Extension of Class I, into the proximal surface(s) of premolars and molars
Class III
Affects the interproximal surface (mesial or distal) of incisors and canines

10. Class IV
Involves larger surface area, that includes the incisal edge and the interproximal surface of incisors and canines
Class V
Smooth surface restorations
Gingival third of the facial or lingual surfaces of any tooth

11. Complex Restorations
When the loss of the tooth structure becomes greater than the remaining natural tooth that is left.
Decision has to be made whether to restore with a crown or direct restoration (such as amalgam or composite)
If a direct restoration is decided upon, Retention Pins may be needed. Pins provide stronger system for retaining and supporting the restoration other than retentive grooves or bonding materials

12. Retention Pins
May be required when tooth decay has extended into the distolingual cusp, undermining the enamel and dentin.
One pin would be placed for each missing cusp

13. Veneers
A thin layer of tooth colored material that is applied to the facial surface of a prepared tooth.
Can be used for more than one tooth
Improves appearance, (such as)
Slightly abraded
Eroded
Dicolored (intrinsic stains or after endo treatment)
Alignment (diastema)

14. Tooth Whitening Also known as Vital bleaching
Noninvasive method of lightening of teeth
In office and at-home methods
Three primary indications for use
Extrinsic stains from foods, smoking, coffee or tea
Aged teeth
Intrinsic stains (tetracycline stains and mild fluorosis

15. Typical Amalgam Tray Set-up
Basic set-up
Hand cutting instruments
Condenser
Ball burnisher
Carvers
Amalgam carrier
Articulating paper/holder

16. Set-Up Cont. HVE/saliva ejector Handpieces Burs Dental floss
Cotton rolls/holder
Misc.
Matrix band/retainer
Guaze squares
Anesthetic set-up
Dental dam set-up

17. Matrix Systems
Creates a temporary wall for amalgam, composite resin or IRM material
Posterior Matrix systems
Tofflemire retainer
Know the parts of the retainer and their function
Band
Made of thin flexible stainless steel
Center of the band must be contoured(shaped) in the proximal surfaces for contact

18. Matrix Cont. Wedges Class II restoration require wedges
Placed on lingual embrasure
Various sizes and forms, wood or plastic

19. Anterior Matrix Clear plastic
Used with composite resin or glass ionomer
Stainless steel matrix can scratch or mark the composite resin material
Also referred to as celluloid strip or Mylar strip.

20. Automatrix System Alternative to the use of Tofflemire system
Does not use retainer to hold in place
Bands are already formed

21. Matrix Systems for Primary Teeth
T-bands
Copper band in shape of a T
When formed the top of the band allows the straight portion to adjust and fit the circumference of the primary molar.