1. Ternopil State Medical University
named by I. Horbachevskyy
Topic. Classification of cavities by Black. Basic principles of cavities preparation. Stages and features of the conventional preparation of carious cavities depending on the class. Modern methods of cavity preparation for composite materials. Alternative methods of preparation.
Department of Therapeutic Dentistry
Lecturer: Levkiv Mariana

2. Definition
DENTAL CARIES is an irreversible microbial disease of the calcified tissues of the teeth that occurs after theirs eruption; is characterized by demineralization of the inorganic portion and destruction of the organic substance of the tooth, which often leads to cavitation.

3. Schematic diagram to demonstrate the requirement for diet, bacteria and dentition to interact together over time to initiate caries.

4. Classification of dental caries
1. Clinical:
-initial (white spot lesion)
-superficial (c. superficialis)
-medium (c. media)
-deep (c. profunda)

5. Classification of dental caries
2. The anatomical:
• -caries of enamel
• -caries of dentine
• -caries of cement

6. Classification of dental caries
3. Based on localization:
-fissures and pits
-proximal
-in the cervical part
(circulating)

7. Classification of dental caries
4. Based on a severity of disease:
• -acute
• -chronic
• -plural (rampant)
• -secondary
• -arrested (stopped)
Chronic course of
superficial caries

8. Classification of dental caries
5. Based on an intensity of lesion:
• -a compensated
• -a sub-compensated
• -a decompensated

9. Classification of dental caries
6. Based on the presence of complications:
• -simple
• -complicated
7. Black’s classification

10. Carious cavity classification
Simple cavity
Compound cavity
Complex cavity
Feature
A cavity involving only one tooth surface
A cavity involving two surfaces of tooth
A cavity that involves more than two surfaces of a tooth

11. Abbreviations of Tooth Surfaces
Simple: cavity involving one tooth surface
I: incisal
M: mesial
D: distal
B: buccal
O: occlusal
F: facial

12. Abbreviations of Tooth Surfaces
Compound: two tooth surfaces
DO: disto-occlusal
MO: mesio-occlusal
MI: mesio-incisal
DI: disto-lingual
LI: linguo-incisal
DL: disto-lingual
OB: occlusobuccal

13. Structure of carious cavity

14. Black’s classification
It was based on the knowledge and evidence available at the time of Black, early 20-th of 20 century and is still used by some people today despite its limitations: it only refers to carious lesions and does not include root or secondary caries.

15. Cavity (Caries) Classifications
Class I (Simple)
Developmental cavities in pit and fissures of teeth located in:
Occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth
Buccal or lingual pits on the molars
Lingual pit near the cingulum of the maxillary incisors

16. Cavity (Caries) Classifications
Class II (Compound, Complex)
Proximal surfaces on the posterior teeth
MO restoration
MOD restoration

17. Cavity (Caries) Classifications
Class III (Simple)
Interproximal surface of anterior teeth

18. Cavity (Caries) Classifications
Class IV (Compound)
Interproximal surface of anterior teeth and include the incisal edge

19. Cavity (Caries) Classifications
Class V (Simple)
Cervical third of the facial or lingual surface of the tooth
Occurs because patient often sucks on sweets

20. Cavity (Caries) Classifications
Class VI ( Simon’s modification) (Simple)
Not part of original standard classification
Later identified in order to more clearly label cavities that involve the incisal or occlusal surface worn away from abrasion

21. Black’s principles of cavity preparation
Black suggested that it was necessary to:
■ remove additional tooth structure to gain access and visibility;
■ remove all trace of demineralised enamel and dentine from the floor, walls and margins of the cavity;
■ make room for the insertion of the restorative material in sufficient bulk to provide strength;
■ provide mechanical interlocking retentive designs;
■ extend the cavity to self-cleansing areas to avoid recurrent caries.

24. What is cavity preparation?
Preparation is aimed at dissection of decayed dental hard tissues in order to stop further progression of the caries process and the creation of necessary conditions for reliable fixing of filling material, restore anatomical shape and function of the tooth.
Principles of cavities preparation :
The principle of "extension for prevention" (Black)
The principle of "biological suitability" (Lukomskyj).

26. Common stages of dental hard tissues preparation
- Anaesthetizing
- Disclosure (opening and extension) of carious cavity
- Necrectomy
- Formation of the carious
- Finishing (smoothing) the edges of enamel

28. General rules for the preparation of cavities
- transition of the carious cavity bottom (the surface which is turned to a pulp) to the wall should be at right angle
- transition of one wall to another should be at a right angle –the shape of the cavity- is box- shaped form (except the V class)
- enamel edges should be straight and smooth
- bottom of the cavity should be flat or somewhat remind the form of the occlusal surface of the tooth

32. Minimal intervention dentistry
Non-surgical management of dental caries
Carisolv applicator
and Carisolv gel
applied to the root
lesion.

33. HealOzone
Caries treatment with ozone is based on the fact that at a certain concentration and exposure time of ozone kills cariogenic bacteria without affecting healthy cells.

34. Thank you for attention