Psy 311: Attachment1 WHAT IS SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN INFANCY? l Social development is learning – primary drives – secondary drives – reinforcement

Psy 311: Attachment2 WHAT IS SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN INFANCY (CONT)? l Social development is instinct * bonding l Social development is interaction * attachment

Psy 311: Attachment3 WHAT DO BABIES COME WITH? l REFLEXES –crying, clinging, grasping, rooting

Psy 311: Attachment4 Film Clip: Reflexes

Psy 311: Attachment5 WHAT DO BABIES COME WITH (Cont)? l SOCIABILITY –interest in people, gazing, ability to be comforted. l BABYNESS –size, facial features, movements, smell & feel.

Psy 311: Attachment6 WHAT DO CAREGIVERS COME WITH? l Interest in interactions l Responsiveness to infants cries, looks, sounds l Protectiveness

Psy 311: Attachment7 FUNCTIONS OF ATTACHMENT l BABY BEHAVIOR –cling, grasp, huddle –cry –call, look for, crawl to, hide behind

Psy 311: Attachment8 FUNCTIONS OF ATTACHMENT (Cont) l PARENT RESPONSE –hold in return –come –comfort and repair or protect

Psy 311: Attachment9 WHAT’S THE POINT OF ATTACHMENT? l IN TIMES OF DANGER: KEEP CHILD SAFE –keep child close to caregiver –bring caregiver –get to caregiver

Psy 311: Attachment10 WHAT’S THE POINT OF ATTACHMENT (Cont)? l IN REGULAR TIMES: CHILD FEELS SAFE –allow exploration –allow play

Psy 311: Attachment11 DEFINITION OF ATTACHMENT Strong affectionate bond that binds a person to a specific intimate companion

Psy 311: Attachment12 DEVELOPMENTAL COURSE OF ATTACHMENT l 1. Undiscriminating social responsiveness –(birth - 3 months) l 2. Discriminating social responsiveness –(3 - 6 months) l 3. Active proximity seeking/true attachment –(7months - 3 years)

Psy 311: Attachment13 HOW CAN ATTACHMENT BE ASSESSED? METHODS: The “Strange Situation” Paradigm.

Psy 311: Attachment14 Film Clip: The Strange Situation

Psy 311: Attachment15 FOUR ATTACHMENT CLASSIFICATION CRITERIA l 1. Exploration l 2. Reaction to stranger l 3. Separation from caregiver l 4. Reunion with caregiver

Psy 311: Attachment16 FOUR TYPES OF ATTACHMENT: l SECURE: 1 TYPE l INSECURE: 2 TYPES l NEW TYPE

Psy 311: Attachment17 1. SECURE ATTACHMENT l EXPLORATION: high l STRANGER: generally outgoing l SEPARATION: distress l REUNION: joy

Psy 311: Attachment18 PARENTAL FACTORS INFLUENCING ATTACHMENT l SECURE: RESPONSIVE TO INFANTS NEEDS & SIGNALS H Theme: Trust building

Psy 311: Attachment19 2. INSECURE-AVOIDANT ATTACHMENT l EXPLORATION: high, unfocused l STRANGER: indifferent l SEPARATION: low distress l REUNION: ignore, avoid

Psy 311: Attachment20 PARENTAL FACTORS INFLUENCING ATTACHMENT l INSECURE IMPATIENT, AVOIDANT UNRESPONSIVE, REJECTING H Theme: Indifference

Psy 311: Attachment21 3. INSECURE-RESISTANT ATTACHMENT l EXPLORATION: low l STRANGER: fearful, even when caregiver is present l SEPARATION: hi distress l REUNION: ambivalent, wants contact but is angry

Psy 311: Attachment22 PARENTAL FACTORS INFLUENCING ATTACHMENT l INSECURE INCONSISTENT, RESISTANT OVERALL MORE UNRESPONSIVE THAN RESPONSIVE TO INFANT H Theme: Lack of trust

Psy 311: Attachment23 4. INSECURE-DISORGANIZED ATTACHMENT l EXPLORATION: chaotic l STRANGER: uncertain, fearful l SEPARATION: variable l REUNION: distress

Psy 311: Attachment24 PARENTAL FACTORS INFLUENCING ATTACHMENT l INSECURE ABUSIVE, DISORGANIZED UNPREDICT- ABLE H (no coping strategy)

Psy 311: Attachment25 Review: Kinds of Attachment l SECURE: joy on reunion –Caregiver: Responsive l AVOIDANT (insecure): indifference –Caregiver: Rejecting l RESISTANT (insecure): ambivalence –Caregiver: Unpredictable l DISORGANIZED (insecure): distress –Caregiver: Abusive

Psy 311: Attachment26 QUESTIONS ABOUT ATTACHEMENT l 1. Occurs at birth? l 2. To more than 1 person? l 3. After 6 months? l 4. Can attachments change? l 5. Long-term effects?

Psy 311: Attachment27 LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF ATTACHMENT RELATIONSHIPS WITH... l Peers l Teachers l Romantic partners l Own children

Psy 311: Attachment28 HEALTHY INTERNAL WORKING MODEL l Trusting l Lovability l Openness l Expressiveness

Psy 311: Attachment29 MECHANISMS OF EFFECTS l INTERNAL WORKING MODELS –1. Insecure-Resistant: CLINGY, DEMANDING –2. Insecure-Avoidant: DISTANT, COLD l CREATE RESPONSES IN OTHERS

Psy 311: Attachment30 ARE EFFECTS OF ATTACHMENT IRREVERSIBLE? l NO! l Accept, understand, integrate, and go on!