CONTRACEPTION Senior Health

Forms of Contraception Behavioral Barrier Hormonal Surgical Forms of Contraception

Abstinence Withdrawal Fertility Awareness Behavioral Methods

Barrier Methods Male Condom Female Condom Spermicidal Foam/Jelly Sponge Diaphragm & Cervical Cap Barrier Methods

Hormonal Methods Birth Control Pill The Patch Vaginal Ring The Shot Emergency Contraception IUD Implant Hormonal Methods

Tubal Sterilization Vasectomy Surgical Methods

ABSTINENCE Form of Contraception: Effectiveness: What is it? Behavioral Effectiveness: 100% What is it? Choosing not to engage in sexual intercourse or sex “play” Advantages: Only 100% preventative measure against PREGNANCY and STDs Cost- free ABSTINENCE

WITHDRAWAL Form of Contraception: Effectiveness: What is it? Behavioral Effectiveness: 81% What is it? Withdrawing the penis before ejaculation occurs Disadvantages: Pre-ejaculate material contains sperm No protection against STDs Cost- free WITHDRAWAL

Fertility Awareness – “Calendar Method” Form: Behavioral Effectiveness: 75% What is it? Selecting specific days to have sexual intercourse based on the woman’s menstrual cycle/day of ovulation. Disadvantages: Menstrual cycles may vary Not a spontaneous form of contraception Cost per calendar kit- $12 Fertility Awareness – “Calendar Method”

MALE CONDOM Form: Effectiveness: What is it? Advantages: Barrier, OTC (Over The Counter) Effectiveness: 85-98% What is it? Rubber/latex sheath placed over the penis to collect pre-ejaculate material and semen upon ejaculation. Advantages: Provides protection against STDs Disadvantages: Incorrect use Latex allergies Cost- 1.25 MALE CONDOM

How do you put one of these things on?

FEMALE CONDOM Form: Effectiveness: What is it? Advantages: Barrier Effectiveness: 79% What is it? Fits deep into the vagina, ring holds it in place, blocks sperm from entering the vagina. Advantages: Provide protection against STDs Disadvantages: Difficult to use Hard to keep in place Known to be noisy Cost- $4 each FEMALE CONDOM

How do you put one of these things in?

Spermicide (Foam/Jelly) Form: Barrier Effectiveness: 74% What is it? Injected into the vagina before sexual intercourse to immobilize sperm and block them from entering the uterus. Disadvantages: No protection against STDs Messy Have to use each intercourse act Should be used with other forms of contraception (condom, diaphragm) Cost- per tube $8 Spermicide (Foam/Jelly)

How do you use this stuff?

SPONGE Form: Effectiveness What is it? Disadvantage: Barrier 80% Placed deep into the vagina to block the cervical opening; also contains spermicide. Disadvantage: hard to insert No protection against STD’s…. Cost- $15 per 3 pack SPONGE

Diaphragm

Cervical Cap

DIAPHRAGM & CERVICAL CAP Form: Barrier (Prescription) Effective 80% What is it? Dome-shaped cup with flexible rim; placed deep into vagina to cover cervix Fitted by a doctor Advantages: Can be implanted for up to 24 hours/48 hours Disadvantages Difficult to insert Moves around during sexual intercourse No protection against STD’s…. Cost-$ 15-75 DIAPHRAGM & CERVICAL CAP

FEM CAP

BIRTH CONTROL PILL Form: Effectiveness: What is it? Advantages: Hormonal Effectiveness: 95-99% What is it? Prevents ovulation Thicken cervical mucous to prevent sperm from passing through to uterus Thins uterine wall to not allow implantation to occur. Advantages: Period regularity Decreased cramps Disadvantages: No protection against STDs Must take at the same time every day. Possible weight gain. Cost- $15-50 per month BIRTH CONTROL PILL

THE PATCH Form: Effectiveness: What is it? Advantages: Disadvantages: Hormonal Effectiveness: 92-99% What is it? Each patch in place for one week; one week without patch – menstruation. Release hormones through the skin. Prevents ovulation Thicken cervical mucous to prevent sperm from passing through to uterus Thins uterine wall to not allow implantation to occur. Advantages: Visual reminder that you are using birth control No need for daily maintenance, good for a week Disadvantages: No protection from STDs Similar to THE PILL THE PATCH

VAGINAL RING/NUVA-RING Form: Hormonal Effectiveness: 92%-99% What is it? Small, flexible ring that releases hormones In vagina for 3 weeks; removed for 1 week – menstruation Prevents ovulation Thicken cervical mucous to prevent sperm from passing through to uterus Thins uterine wall to not allow implantation to occur. Advantages: Menstrual Regularity Disadvantages: No protection against STDs Irregular bleeding VAGINAL RING/NUVA-RING

THE SHOT/DEPO-PROVERA Form: Hormonal Effective: 99% What is it? Shot will last for 3 months Prevents ovulation Thicken cervical mucous to prevent sperm from passing through to uterus Thins uterine wall to not allow implantation to occur. Advantages: No maintenance Decreased cramping Disadvantages: Does not protect against STDs Takes 12-18 weeks for the shot to “wear off” Cost- $35-75 per injection THE SHOT/DEPO-PROVERA

EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION – “THE MORNING AFTER PILL”/PLAN B Form: Hormonal Effectiveness: 80-86% What is it? Must be taken within 72 hours of unprotected sexual intercourse Large dose of progestin and estrogen Over the counter for 17 years old + Prevent ovulation if it has not already occurred Thicken mucous in cervix and thins the wall of the uterus to prevent implantation if an egg has already been fertilized. Disadvantages: Does not protect against STDs EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION – “THE MORNING AFTER PILL”/PLAN B

INTRA-UNTERINE DEVICE (IUD) Form: Barrier/Device/Hormonal Effectiveness: 98%-99% What is it? Affects the mobility of the sperm Thickens cervical mucous; thins the lining of the uterus. Can be in place for 3-7 years. Disadvantages: cramping, bleeding between menstrual cycles, No protection against STD’s. Cost- $500-$1000 INTRA-UNTERINE DEVICE (IUD)

BIRTH CONTROL IMPLANT Form: Effectiveness: What is it? Disadvantages: Hormonal Effectiveness: 99% What is it? Hormonal regulation stick implanted into the upper arm that helps to prevent pregnancy Disadvantages: No protection against STDs - spotting Advantages: Lasts for 3 years/5 years After removal pregnancy can be quick BIRTH CONTROL IMPLANT

FEMALE STERILIZATION – Tubal Ligation Form: Surgical Procedure Effectiveness: 99.5% What is it? Tying off of the fallopian tubes so the sperm can not reach the egg Disadvantages: Does not prevent STDs PERMANENT!!* Advantages: PERMANENT! Does not decrease sexual desire Cost- 1500-6000 FEMALE STERILIZATION – Tubal Ligation

VASECTOMY Form: Effectiveness: What is it? Disadvantage: Advantages: Surgical Procedure (“lunch time” surgery) Effectiveness: 99% What is it? Blocks the vas deferens to keep the sperm out of the semen Disadvantage: PERMANENT* Advantages: Permanent Does not decrease sexual desire Cost- $350-1000 VASECTOMY